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Psychology > Psych 1 Test > Flashcards

Psych 1 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What Greek word does the term psychology come from? What does it mean?

A

PSYCHE - “breath, spirit, soul” & logia meaning “study of”

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1
Q

Psychology is the study of what?

A

Mind and behavior

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2
Q

Psychology relies on WHAT to investigate questions/arrive at conclusions?

A

Scientific methods

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3
Q

techniques psychologists use to study human mind/behavior?

A

Naturalistic observation, experiments, case studies, and questionnaires

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4
Q

What are five different perspectives psychologists take?

A 
biological
Humanistic
Cognitive
Behavioral
Evolutionary
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5
Q

Some of the biggest subfields with in psychology include what?

A

Clinical, personality, cognitive, developmental, social psychology

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6
Q

Psychology explores what two issues?

A

Real world and theoretical

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7
Q

What is basic research?

A

Adding information to our overall knowledge about human mind and behavior

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8
Q

What is applied research?

A

Solving and applying psychological problems to real-world situations

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9
Q

Names four possible career options in psychology.

A

Clinical, forensic, health, and industrial organizational psychology

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10
Q

Psychology studies both ______ and ________ behavior

A

Normal - abnormal

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11
Q

Psychology seeks to ________, _______, _______, and ______ behaviors (D, E, P, M)

A

Describe, explain, predict, (and) modify

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12
Q

What are the four major goals of psychology? (DEPM)

A

DESCRIBE human thought/behavior
EXPLAIN why behaviors occur
PREDICT how, why, when behaviors will occur in future
MODIFY & improve lives of individuals & society as a whole

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13
Q

What is the little Albert experiment?

A

Nine-month-old baby given white rat to play with.
Every time child touches rat, a noise is conducted.
(creates fear of things white & fuzzy)

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14
Q

Stanley Milgrum experiment

A

Real teacher ask questions to actor student.
Placed in separate rooms.
Student answers Q. wrong = shock
Fake shock, recording of screams.
14 out of 40 teachers stopped experiment.

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15
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Knowing and consenting to being involved in research

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16
Q

What is deception?

A

Participants not told truth about experiment

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17
Q

What is coercion??

A

Participant cant be coerced/persuaded to give consent to be in study

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18
Q

Define risk.

A

Participants can’t be placed in significant mental or physical risk

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19
Q

Explain debriefing procedures.

A

Participants must be told purpose of study and provided with ways to contact researchers about results

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20
Q

Name for descriptive research methods

A

Survey: questionnaire

Case Studies: 1 person studied in depth to reveal universal principles

Naturalistic Observation: observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation and/or control.

Correlation Study: Studies relationships between variables without inferring casual relationships (describe how strongly to variables are related) negative, positive, or not correlated

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21
Q

Name for experimental research methods.

A

Cross-sectional study: different ages compared with one another

longitudinal study: same people
restudied/retested after long time

double-blind procedure: research participants and staff don’t know who’s received placebo/treatment

classical conditioning: learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli

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22
Q

Steps in scientific method.

A 
Defined question/purpose
gather info/research
hypothesis
experiment
analyze results/conclusion
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23
Q

Applied research examines what?

A

Specific set of circumstances (real-world application)

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24
Q

Basic research focuses on what?

A

Fundamental principles and testing series (increase knowledge base)

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25
Q

The study of people or animals in their natural environment is called what?

A

Naturalistic observation

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26
Q

The observer effect is what?

A

Tendency of people to act a certain way when they know they are being observed

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27
Q

The observer bias is what?

A

Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

28
Q

What is the correlation method?

A

statistical way to find/measure patterns/relationships in the info

29
Q

Define correlation coefficient.

A

A number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation

30
Q

What are the two different directions accordingly should call efficient can have?

A

Positive: same direction
negative: opposite direction

31
Q

Does a correlation mean there is causation?

A

No

32
Q

Define dependent variable

A

Variable that represents measurable response/behavior of subjects in experiment

33
Q

Define independent variable.

A

Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by experimenter

34
Q

Difference between control group and experimental group

A

Control group:

experimental group: only group with independent variable

35
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

Phenomenon in which expectations of participants in the study can influence their behavior

36
Q

Explain the experimenter affect and double-blind experiment

A

experimenter effect: experimenters expectations of participants unintentionally influencing study results

double-blind experiment: neither experimenter or subject know if subjects are experimental or control

37
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established first laboratory: 1879

Structuralism: structure of mind

38
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Structure of mind

39
Q

William James

A

Functionalism

40
Q

What is functionalism?

A

How it functions

41
Q

G. Stanley

A

Founded APA

Opened first psychology lab in US

42
Q

What is the APA?

A

American Psychology Association

43
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Focused on the unconscious mind

father of psychoanalysis(study of unconscious mind)

44
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

Observation of human behavior

Answer to psychoanalysis

45
Q

John B. Watson

A

Founded behaviorism

little Albert experiment

46
Q

Ivan Pavion

A

Classical conditioning experiment (accidental)

47
Q

BF Skinner

A

Operant conditioning

48
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

……

49
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Rejected from Harvard because female

First female president of APA

50
Q

What is humanism?

A

Becoming the best person you can be

51
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Created Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Theory of self actualization

52
Q

What is self actualization?

A

Reaching full potential

53
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

……

54
Q

What is cognitive perspective?

A

How the mind processes info

55
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

Shifting negative aspects to positive aspects

56
Q

What is gesalt psychology?

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

57
Q

What is sociocultural perspective?

A

How society and culture influence

58
Q

What is biopsychology?

A

Study of biological basis of behavior and mental process

59
Q

What is the job of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

60
Q

What is the job of the frontal lobe?

A

Thinking, calculating

61
Q

What connects the frontal lobe and occipital lobe?

A

Bunch of fibers

62
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Balance and coordination

63
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight syndrome

64
Q

Bring transmittal has how many different lobes?

A

4

65
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers the brain releases

Sometimes you can have too much/too less

66
Q

Name two neurotransmitters.

A

Serotonin: obsessive, addictions

dopamine: pleasure, addiction, crave, relaxation
oxytocin: attachment, affection

67
Q

What is the Limbic system?

A

Part of brain associated with love, passion, and lust

Teens use it more (their overdrive)

Psychology (2 decks)

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