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Neuropsychology > PSYC2307 Midterm > Flashcards

PSYC2307 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Human Neuropsychology

A

Scientific Study

Brain-Behaviour Relationship

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2
Q

Clinical Neuropsychology

A

Diagnosis, Rehabilitation, planning, long-term prognosis of abnormal brain-behaviour relationships

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3
Q

Goals of Neuropsychology

A

How NS relates to experience and behaviour

Functional relationship amongst brain structures

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4
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the Nose

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5
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the Tail

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6
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the Back of Spine or Top of Head

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7
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the Front of Spine or Bottom of Head

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8
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Brain split with Front Anterior and Posterior

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Infront of

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Behind

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Side

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12
Q

Medial

A

Midline

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13
Q

Superior

A

Above

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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15
Q

Horizontal (Axial) Plane

A

Brain split with Ventral and Dorsal

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16
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Brain split with two lateral sides (Left and Right)

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17
Q

Nucleus

A

Cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

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18
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

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19
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Structures on the same side

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20
Q

Contralateral

A

Structures on the opposite side

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21
Q

Bilateral

A

Structures in both hemispheres

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22
Q

Nerve

A

Collection of neuron axons in the PNS

23
Q

Tract

A

Collection of neruon axons in the CNS

24
Q

Efferent

A

Directed away from the brain (motor nerves)

25
Q

Afferent

A

Directed towards the brain (sensory nerves)

26
Q

Convention for compounding terms?

A

Prefix = Origin of nerve signal - Suffix = termination of nerve signal

27
Q

Corticospinal Tract

A

Descending spinal tract which starts in the cortex and synapses in the spine

28
Q

Nuclei

A

Gross Anatomy: well-defines group of neuron cell bodies

29
Q

Neurons

A

The functional cell of the nervous system for information transfer

30
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Carrying information from receptors to the brain

31
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carrying signals from the brain to muscles

32
Q

Interneurons

A

Convey information between different types of neurons

33
Q

Graded Potential

A

Signal amplitude proportional to stimulus intensity

34
Q

Action Potential

A

Signal frequency proportional to stimulus intensity

All-or-none

35
Q

Signals between neurons are ___________

A

Chemical

36
Q

Properties of a Neurotransmitter

A 
Synthesized in neuron
Released into synaptic cleft
Bind to receptors 
Decomposed by enzymes 
Bind to autoreceptors
37
Q

Result of Synaptic Transmission

A

Post Synaptic Potentials

Change in electrical properties of the receiving neuron

38
Q

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential - EPSP

A

Created in the dendrites of neuron and increase likelihood of an Action Potential

39
Q

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential - IPSP

A

Created closer to the soma of a neuron and decrease the likelihood of an Action Potential

40
Q

Glial Cells

A

Astrocytes - Supporting cells
Microglia - Immune cells
Ependymal - Line ventricles
Myelin - Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

41
Q

Brain Blood Supply

A

Left and Right Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries ascend in the neck and enter the skull through the foramen magnum to supply blood to the brain parenchyma

42
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral Hemisphere - Cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter tracts, basal ganglia, basal forebrain nuclei

43
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

44
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Cerebral Peduncles, Midbrain Tectum, Midbrain Tegmentum

45
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons, Cerebellum

46
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

47
Q

Forebrain

A 
Neocortex
Basal Ganglia (subcortical)
Limbic System (subcortical)
48
Q

Neocortex

A 
Part of the Cerebral Cortex
Expanded the most during evolution
80% of human brain 
6 neuronal layers
Two hemispheres
49
Q

Allocortex

A

3 layers
Smaller area of the cerebral cortex
Hippocampus, olfactory bulb

50
Q

Fissure

A

Cleft in the cortex that is deep enough to indent the ventricles

51
Q

Sulcus

A

A shallow cleft in the cortex

52
Q

Gyrus

A

Ridge in the cortex

53
Q

Layers of the Cerebral Cortex

A

Layer VI and V - Send axons to other brain areas, particularly large and distinctive in the motor cortex
Layer IV - Receives axons from sensory systems, small densely packed cells
Layer III, II, I - Receive input from layer IV

Neuropsychology (2 decks)

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