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Psyc213 Exam > Psyc213 Exam > Flashcards

Psyc213 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Attitudes

A

Evaluations of a target expressed with some level of intensity.

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2
Q

Subjective norms

A

Beliefs about how people around them view their behaviour.

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3
Q

Perceived behavioural control

A

Ease with which people think they can engage in particular behaviour.

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4
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

People troubled by inconsistency between thoughts, feelings and actions and as a result experience an unpleasant emotional state or dissonance.

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5
Q

Effort justification

A

A common dissonance experience also comes from paying a high price for something that turns out disappointing

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6
Q

Persuasion

A

Process by which attitudes are changed.

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7
Q

Central route

A

People think carefully about the content of a message

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8
Q

Peripheral route

A

People are influenced by superficial cues in a message.

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9
Q

Social influence

A

Social influence refers to the many ways that people impact one another.

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10
Q

Conformity

A

Tendency to change one’s perceptions, beliefs, or behaviour in response to real or imagined pressure from others.

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11
Q

What are the three major kinds of social influence

A

Conformity, Compliance, Obedience

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12
Q

Informational influence

A

Influence producing conformity when a person believes others are correct in their judgment.

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13
Q

Normative Influence

A

Influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative consequences of appearing deviant.

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14
Q

Private Conformity

A

Change in beliefs when a person truly accepts the position taken by others.

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15
Q

Public Conformity

A

Superficial change in behaviour produced by real or imagined group pressure without change in opinion.

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16
Q

Compliance

A

Changes in behaviour elicited by direct requests from others.

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17
Q

Door in the Face Technique

A

Making a very large request that one will certainly refuse and then following that with a more modest request

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18
Q

Free gift technique

A

Giving small gift to someone or doing a small favour increases likelihood to complying with subsequent request

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19
Q

Foot in the Door Technique

A

Compliance technique in which one makes an initial small request followed by a larger request involving the real behaviour of interest

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20
Q

Low Balling Technique

A

Strategy in which the person secures agreement with a request, but then increases the size of the request by revealing hidden costs

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21
Q

That’s not all technique

A

Strategy in which something is added as a bonus or reduced as a discount from the original offer

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22
Q

Scarcity Technique-

A

Strategy in which appeal of item increased by making it appear rare or temporary

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23
Q

Emotional Contagion

A

Emotional contagion is the spontaneous spread of emotions and related behaviors among individuals or groups

24
Q

Obedience

A

Behaviour change produced by the commands of authority.

25
Q

Social facilitation

A

The process by which the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks, but impairs performance on difficult tasks.

26
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people to relax in the presence of others when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

27
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of a person’s sense of individuality and the loosening of constraints on behaviour when people can’t be identified

28
Q

Groupthink

A

A group decision making style characterized by excessive pressure among group members for consensus leading to inadequate appraisal of options and poor decisions.

29
Q

Group polarization

A

The tendency for group discussion to exaggerate and strengthen the initial leanings of the members in a group.

30
Q

Similarity-Attraction-

A

People tend to like others who are more similar to themselves

31
Q

Attachment styles

A

The way a person typically interacts with significant other.

32
Q

4 types of attachment styles

A

Secure, Anxious preoccupied, Dismissing avoidant, Fearful Avoidance

33
Q

Three variables of love

A

Passion, Intimacy, Commitment

34
Q

Excitation transfer

A

Process by which arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal from a second stimulus and attributed to the second stimulus

35
Q

Four horsemen

A

Criticism, Defensiveness, Stone walling, contempt

36
Q

Destructive behaviors

A

These can involve actively harming the relationship or passively harming it.

37
Q

Constructive behaviors

A

These can involve actively trying to improve the relationship or passively remaining committed to the relationship.

38
Q

Kin Selection

A

Preferential helping of genetic relatives to increase likelihood that genes held in common will survive

39
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Helping others increases odds that they help you in return.

40
Q

Arousal Cost-Reward Model

A

Observers of a victim’s suffering will want to help in order to relieve their own personal distress.

41
Q

Altruism

A

Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare.

42
Q

Egoism

A

Motivated by the desire to increase one’s own welfare.

43
Q

Bystander effect

A

Effect where the presence of others inhibits helping

44
Q

Good Samaritan Study

A

We may not act on good intentions at times because of distraction or time pressure

45
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

State in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviours are different from others in the group

46
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Belief that others will or should take responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need.

47
Q

Good mood effect

A

Good mood increases helping behaviour.

48
Q

Aggression

A

behaviour intended to injure someone physically or psychologically.

49
Q

Violence

A

Aggression that is intended to cause extreme injury.

50
Q

Hostile or emotional aggression

A

Inflicting harm to hurt the target; usually a result of anger, frustration, or hatred.

51
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

Inflicting harm in order to obtain something of value.

52
Q

Relational aggression

A

behaviour that is intended to damage another person’s social relationships.

53
Q

Social learning theory

A

behaviour is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of punishments and rewards.

54
Q

Culture of honour

A

Culture in which people are taught to defend their reputation by responding to threats and insults with aggression

55
Q

Frustration-Aggression Theory

A

Idea that (a) frustration always elicits the motive to aggress; and (b) all aggression is caused by frustration

56
Q

Displaced aggression

A

Aggressing against substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access

57
Q

Catharsis

A

Reduction in motive to aggress as a result of the imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression

Psyc213 Exam (2 decks)

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