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PSYC-3114 Principles of Psychopharmacology > PSYC-3114 Final Exam > Flashcards

PSYC-3114 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Placebo Controls

A

Chemically inactive substance given as through a drug

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2
Q

Single Blind Design

A

Participant does not know whether they are getting the drug or the placebo

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3
Q

Double-Blind Design

A

Neither the participant nor the experimenter can know who is getting the drug and who is getting the placebo

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4
Q

Name 3 Catecholamines

A

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine

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5
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Records sum of electrical events of thousands of neurons

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6
Q

What are the 4 Dopaminergic Pathways

A

Nigrostriatal, Mesolimbic, Mesocortical, Tuberohypophyseal (Tuberoinfundibular)

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7
Q

The Nigrostriatal Pathway is responsible for what function?

A

Movement

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8
Q

Quantitative EEG (qEEG)

A

Computerized analysis of large amounts of EEG data. Produces coloured maps. Initial activity may predict response.

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9
Q

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) / Sensory Evoked Potentials

A

Electrical brain changes in response to momentary stimulation; responses to specific stimuli

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10
Q

Name 3 types of machines that electrically record brain activity

A

Electroencephalography (EEG), Quantitative EEG (qEEG), & Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)/Sensory Evoked Potentials

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11
Q

The Mesolimbic system is involved in…

A

Reinforcement & Drug Abuse

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12
Q

The Mesocortical Pathway plays a role in…

A

Motivation, emotion, schizophrenia

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13
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT)

A

High resolution 3D image of brain (radiation)

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14
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Detailed image of brain created by exposing brain to a magnetic field (image created based on differing chemical composition of tissues)

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15
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

A scanning device tracks/maps injected radioactive isotopes or drugs. Can determine binding locations of drugs or relative brain activity during tasks.

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16
Q

D1 knockout mice…

A

Can die if food is not made more palatable

17
Q

D2 knockout mice…

A

have impairment in spontaneous movement and coordination

18
Q

Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT)

A

Similar to PET imaging but less expensive commercially available radiolabeled probes.

19
Q

D3 knockout mice…

A

have reduced anxiety

20
Q

D4 knockout mice…

A

are less likely to explore new environments

21
Q

Functional MRI (fMRI)

A

Provides anatomical and functional information by detecting differences in blood oxygenation (active cells use more oxygen).

22
Q

What is the best and most expensive imaging technique?

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

23
Q

D5 knockout mice…

A

develop high blood pressure

24
Q

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

A

A MRI-based neuroimaging technique that allows visualization of the location, the orientation, and the structure of the brain’s white matter tracts.
Scans the Movement of water in neural tissue.

25
Q

The noradrenergic system consists of…

A

the forebrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord

26
Q

The noradrenergic system plays an important role in…

A

attention and alertness

27
Q

Resting-State fMRI (rs-fMRI)

A

Newer use of fMRI to examine connectivity among brain regions when awake; looks for reliable patterns or correlated spontaneous neural activity.

28
Q

Noradrenergic receptors are…

A

metatropic

29
Q

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

A

New tool that uses MRI data to determine concentrations of brain chemicals and metabolic changes. Only a few molecules can be measured now but has lots of potential.

30
Q

Neuropharmacology Techniques

A

Stereotaxic Surgery, Lesioning, Microdialysis, Electrophysiological Stimulation and Recording

31
Q

Radioligand Binding

A

Use a gamma counter to determine number of receptor to which radioligands bind in brain areas.

32
Q

Receptor Autoradiography

A

Provides a picture of receptor distribution in brain (uses autoradiographic film)

33
Q

In Vivo Receptor Binding

A

Provides picture of receptor distribution in brain but radiolabeled drug is injected while animal is alive; examine brain slices later

34
Q

Radioligand Binding, Receptor Autoradiography and In Vivo Receptor Binding are all methods of….

A

Locating and quantifying neurotransmitters, receptors, and other proteins

35
Q

Antibody Production

A

inject antigen into host animal to create antibodies; take blood samples and remove antibodies

36
Q

Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

A

Antibody placed on tissue slices; attaches to cells containing antigen; can determine which brain areas contain antigen (coloured/fluorescent dye)

37
Q

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A

antibody technique used to determine amount of a particular molecule in body fluids (test tube)

PSYC-3114 Principles of Psychopharmacology (1 decks)

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