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PSYC 2301 > PSYC 2301 Exam 1 - FLASHCARDS - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

PSYC 2301 Exam 1 - FLASHCARDS - Chapter 1

1
Q

What refers to the scientific study of the mind and behavior?

A

Psychology

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2
Q

What do psychologists use to acquire knowledge?

A

Scientific method

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3
Q

What is a tentative explanation proposed by a researcher?

A

Hypothesis

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4
Q

What method for acquiring knowledge is based on observation?

A

Empirical method

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5
Q

When did psychology become its own academic discipline?

A

Late 1800s

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6
Q

Who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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7
Q

What did Wilhelm Wundt view psychology as?

A

Wundt viewed psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience.

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8
Q

What is introspection?

A

A process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible.

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9
Q

Where did Wundt establish his psychology laboratory?

A

University at Leipzig in 1879

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10
Q

What means that a trait of an organism has a function for survival?

A

Adaptation

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11
Q

What focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment?

A

Functionalism

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12
Q

Who was Sigmund Freud?

A

Austrian neurologist fascinated by patients suffering from ‘hysteria’ and neurosis.

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13
Q

What focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious?

A

Psychoanalytic theory

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14
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

A type of treatment based on the theory that our present is shaped by our past.

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15
Q

Who conducted early work in the field of behavior?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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16
Q

What is conditioned reflex?

A

An unconscious response to a stimulus that is conditioned to produce a response to a different stimulus.

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17
Q

What is behaviorism?

A

Focuses on observable behavior and rejects the study of internal human experiences.

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18
Q

Who came up with the idea of behaviorism?

A

John B. Watson

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19
Q

Who spoke of punishment and reinforcement as driving forces of behavior?

A

B.F. Skinner

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20
Q

What is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes human potential?

A

Humanism

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21
Q

Who is best known for proposing a hierarchy of human needs?

A

Abraham Maslow

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22
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. Psychological (food, water, shelter). 2. Security (safety, employment). 3. Social (family, friendship). 4. Esteem (self-worth). 5. Self-actualization (inner fulfillment).
23
Q

What does WEIRD stand for?

A

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic.

24
Q

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

A

Francis Cecil Sumner

25
Q

Who was the first woman awarded the doctoral degree in psychology?

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

26
Q

What is a professional organization representing psychologists in the United States?

A

American Psychological Association (APA)

27
Q

What seeks to advance the scientific orientation of psychology?

A

Association for Psychological Science (APS)

28
Q

What is the study of how biology influences behavior?

A

Biopsychology

29
Q

What is clinical psychology?

A

An area that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

30
Q

What is cognitive psychology?

A

The study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions.

31
Q

What is developmental psychology?

A

The scientific study of development across a lifespan.

32
Q

What is forensic psychology?

A

An area that applies psychology to issues within the justice system.

33
Q

What is ology?

A

Suffix that denotes ‘scientific study of.’

34
Q

What is personality psychology?

A

The study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique.

35
Q

What is a doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives?

A

PhD

36
Q

What is a doctoral degree that focuses more on application of psychological principles?

A

PsyD

37
Q

What is sport and exercise psychology?

A

An area that focuses on the interactions between mental factors and physical performance.

38
Q

What is structuralism?

A

A psychological theory that focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic components.

39
Q

How many divisions are in the APA?

A

54

40
Q

What is the five factor model of personality traits?

A

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion.

41
Q

What focuses on how we interact with and relate to others?

A

Social psychology

42
Q

Who was Stanley Milgram?

A

American social psychologist famous for research on obedience.

43
Q

What is industrial-organizational psychology?

A

A subfield that applies psychological theories in workplace settings.

44
Q

What is psychology?

A

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

45
Q

What is behavior?

A

Observable actions or responses of an individual.

46
Q

What are mental processes?

A

Internal cognitive functions such as thinking, perception, and decision-making.

47
Q

What is an experiment in psychology?

A

A research method that manipulates variables to observe cause-and-effect relationships.

48
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-depth investigation of a single individual or group.

49
Q

What is a survey in psychology?

A

A research method that uses questionnaires or interviews to collect data.

50
Q

What is naturalistic observation?

A

A research method where behavior is observed in its natural environment.

51
Q

What are the key perspectives in psychology?

A

Biological, cognitive, behavioral, social-cultural, and evolutionary psychology.

52
Q

Why is psychology considered a science?

A

It uses systematic methods, observation, and experimentation to study behavior.

53
Q

What are the goals of psychology?

A

To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

54
Q

What are the major fields within psychology?

A

Clinical, counseling, developmental, social, and industrial-organizational psychology.

PSYC 2301 (1 decks)

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