PSYC 2040 Flashcards
What is the One-Drink Effect?
The One-Drink Effect refers to the belief that individuals with alcohol-related problems think that having just one drink will lead to a loss of control, potentially escalating into a binge.
This belief creates a self-fulfilling prophecy.
How does Marlatt’s theory relate to absolutist thinking?
Marlatt’s theory connects the One-Drink Effect to absolutist thinking, where individuals view situations in black-and-white terms rather than as shades of grey.
This cognitive distortion can lead to a perception of failure after one drink.
What is the key insight of the One-Drink Effect?
The key insight is that the belief in inevitable loss of control may be more cognitive than physiological, leading to catastrophic interpretations of drinking behaviors.
For individuals with alcohol dependency, even one drink can trigger a relapse.
According to Marlatt, what is the core idea behind the One-Drink Effect?
Individuals with alcohol-related issues believe one drink will lead to inevitable loss of control.
Correct Answer: B) Individuals with alcohol-related issues believe one drink will lead to inevitable loss of control.
What does traditional psychodynamic theory link to alcoholism?
Traditional psychodynamic theory links alcoholism to an oral-dependent personality, suggesting excessive drinking stems from oral fixation during early psychosexual development.
Drinking serves to attain oral gratification.
What is a criticism of psychodynamic theory regarding alcoholism?
Research is mixed, with some studies suggesting a connection between alcoholism and dependent traits, but it is unclear whether dependence leads to alcoholism or vice versa.
What sociocultural factors influence alcohol consumption?
Cultural and religious factors significantly influence alcohol consumption, with religious participation often correlating with abstinence from alcohol.
For example, alcohol consumption is more normative in cultures like Germany.
Which sociocultural factor is associated with lower rates of alcohol use?
Active participation in religious activities is associated with lower rates of alcohol use.
Correct Answer: B) Active participation in religious activities.
What factors contribute to substance use disorders?
Substance use disorders involve biological, psychological, and environmental factors, including genetics, expectations about drug use, and social pressures.
Which factor is least associated with the development of substance use disorders?
Cultural norms that restrict substance use are least associated with the development of substance use disorders.
Correct Answer: D) Cultural norms that restrict substance use.
What does the One-Drink Effect suggest about cognitive beliefs?
It suggests that the belief in inevitable loss of control when drinking may be more cognitive than physiological, leading to a binge after one drink.
How does psychodynamic theory explain alcoholism?
Psychodynamic theory posits that alcoholism is linked to an oral-dependent personality, where excessive drinking fulfills unmet needs from early psychosexual development.
What role do sociocultural factors play in alcohol use?
Sociocultural factors influence alcohol use by establishing norms that either promote or limit consumption, such as cultural acceptance or religious prohibitions.
What is the main challenge in treating substance use disorders?
The main challenge is helping individuals maintain long-term abstinence from substances.
Correct Answer: B) Helping individuals maintain long-term abstinence.
What is detoxification in the context of substance use treatment?
Detoxification involves helping individuals withdraw from substances under medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms safely.
What is the purpose of Disulfiram (Antabuse)?
Disulfiram discourages alcohol consumption by causing severe nausea and other aversive reactions when alcohol is ingested.
What is the primary benefit of nicotine replacement therapy?
Nicotine replacement therapy helps individuals avoid withdrawal symptoms when quitting smoking.
Correct Answer: B) It helps individuals avoid withdrawal symptoms when quitting smoking.
What is a limitation of biological treatments for substance use disorders?
A limitation is that many individuals stop using medications like methadone and disulfiram, which can lead to relapse.
Correct Answer: C) People may stop using them and relapse.
What are nonprofessional support groups?
Nonprofessional support groups are facilitated by individuals with personal experience in substance use disorders, focusing on abstinence and support.
What is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
AA is a widely used nonprofessional support program that helps individuals abstain from alcohol through a 12-step approach.
What is a challenge faced by Alcoholics Anonymous?
Many people drop out of AA, and those who remain committed tend to see better outcomes.
What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatment?
Inpatient treatment involves staying in a controlled environment, while outpatient treatment allows individuals to return home after sessions.
What are Residential Therapeutic Communities (TCs)?
Residential Therapeutic Communities are long-term treatment facilities for individuals with severe substance use disorders requiring intensive support.
What are the two types of treatment for substance use disorders?
Inpatient (involving hospitalization) and outpatient (where individuals return home after sessions).
What is inpatient treatment typically recommended for?
Individuals who are unable to manage their substance use disorder outside a controlled environment or those who face dangerous withdrawal symptoms.
What does outpatient treatment offer?
A less expensive option suitable for individuals who can manage withdrawal symptoms and have strong environmental support systems at home.
What are Residential Therapeutic Communities (TCs)?
Long-term treatment facilities where individuals live in a community and receive support from peers and staff.
What is a key characteristic of TCs?
They help individuals take responsibility for their actions and confront their denial about the impact of their substance use.
What is a limitation of Therapeutic Communities?
They tend to have high dropout rates, and many individuals relapse after leaving the facility.
What are Managed Alcohol Programs (MAPs) designed for?
Individuals with severe alcohol dependence, often among homeless populations.
What do MAPs provide?
Shelter, food, support, and pre-measured doses of alcohol.
What is the goal of MAPs?
To reduce public intoxication, lower emergency service calls, and re-establish social connections.
How many MAPs currently operate in Canada?
23 MAPs primarily in 5 provinces.
What is the primary goal of nonprofessional support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
To promote abstinence from alcohol.
What is true about the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) program?
AA uses a 12-step approach, including acceptance of powerlessness over alcohol.
Which support group is specifically designed to help children of alcoholic parents?
Alateen.
What is a key difference between inpatient and outpatient treatment?
Inpatient treatment involves staying in a controlled environment, while outpatient treatment does not.
What treatment approach includes a 28-day detoxification period followed by counseling?
Inpatient treatment.
What is the focus of therapeutic communities in residential treatment?
Helping individuals take responsibility for their actions and confront their denial.
What is a characteristic of Managed Alcohol Programs (MAPs)?
They provide pre-measured doses of alcohol to individuals with severe alcohol dependence.
Why were MAPs initially developed in Canada?
To protect individuals with severe alcohol dependence, especially homeless people.
What is an important factor for success in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
A commitment to abstinence and avoidance of high-risk situations.
What is a limitation of therapeutic communities (TCs)?
TCs tend to have high dropout rates, and relapses are common after treatment.
What is the psychodynamic perspective on substance abuse?
It sees substance abuse as symptomatic of unresolved childhood conflicts.
Why is psychodynamic treatment considered potentially ineffective?
It lacks controlled research studies to support its effectiveness.
What is the main goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating substance use disorders?
To change abusive behavior patterns.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ABCs of substance abuse in CBT?
Coping strategies.
What does self-control training in CBT focus on?
Helping users modify their behavior by addressing triggers, behaviors, and consequences.
What is an example of controlling the antecedents of substance abuse?
Avoiding social situations linked to substance use.
What is the main goal of controlling the consequences in substance abuse treatment?
To reinforce non-abusive behaviors and discourage substance use.
What is an example of a strategy for controlling behaviors in substance abuse?
Using competing responses like taking a walk instead of drinking alcohol.
What is the main focus of Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET)?
To help clients recognize the discrepancy between their behavior and personal goals.
Why is intrinsic motivation emphasized in MET?
Because without motivation, change is unlikely to occur.
