Psyc Flashcards
Acquisition
New behaviour, information or skills. The first stage of learning is when a response is established. For example, teaching a child to pick up the phone, when they pick up the phone acquisition has been acquired.
Action Potential
An electrical signal, all or none. Example: picking up a glass of water, signals are sent from your brain to your hand.
Auditory Nervous System
Converts waves into sounds. Involved the temporal lobe, in the primary auditory cortex. For example: Hearing music, waves go through the ear into the temporal lobe to be transmitted into the brain.
Axon
Long Spider-like thin structure apart of the neuron. Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body and are protected by a myelin sheath. Transmits information to other neurons, muscles and glands.
Broca’s area
Part of the left frontal lobe controls the movement of the mouth. Component of the temporal cortex. Used for speech, writing, and language.
Cell Body
Part of the neutron that has a nucleus and organelles, contains a nucleus and cytoplasm within the membrane. Coordinates information processing tasks and keep cells alive.
Central Vicarious Reinforcement
Learning through the consequences of others. Example. Your sister gets in trouble for not using shampoo so you use shampoo.
Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)
The cerebrum divides brain into two hemispheres, assosiatided
Dendrites
receives information from other neurons relays to the cell body. Long squiggly things like fingers.
Depolarization
less is more, less is negative. Sodium flows into cells, the axon is more positive than outside.
Repolarization
Potassium gates open and positive ions flow out of the axon, the inside of axon is more negative than the outside.
Neuron
receive, integrate and transmit information allowing communication in the nervous system.
Synapse
Where information is transmitted from one neuron to another junction. 2 k goes in and 3 Sodium goes out.
Threshold of excitation
level of charge that causes a neuron to become more active, the bottom of the graph before the curve goes up.
Terminal Buttons
small knobs, secrete chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) and flow across the synapse and stimulate the next cell. Sending signals to other neurons.
Peripheral Nervous System
Includes, somatic, atomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems. Send signals to the back and brain, for example, chewing food, walking and facial expressions.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and restore homeostasis
Sympathetic NS
Fight, fly, response. Increase in heart rate.
Myelin Sheath
White fatty coating, and insulation, speed up signals, and multiple sclerosis when broken.
Frontal Lobe
It Contains, the prefrontal cortex (high level of cognitive function), the motor cortex (movement), and the Bocas area (language).
Parietal Lobe
sensory information. Contains a somatosensory cortex.
Occipital Lobe
Visual Information, visual cortex.
Limbic System
Has hippocampus and amygdala, emotion, memory and sensory information
Hypothalamus
regulate biological needs, sex drive and eating
Thalamus
Station for incoming sensory information, and filter out information.
Fight Flight Response
Response to stress, focus on negative memories, lose peripheral vision, and focus on tunnel vision.
Somatic Nervous System
Has motor and sensory neurons. conducts sensory, voluntary and motor information.
classical conditioning
Learning through association, NS,CS, USC, UCR
Computerized
Candidates use computer to answer questions
Conditioned Response
Learned response to neutral stimulus
Lateralization
Distinct regions of the brain, one side controls the other side.
Secondary Reinforcement
Conditioned stimulus causing learned behaviour, association with primary reinforcers
Neuoplasticity
Ability to change and function through response to experience
Social Learning Theory
All social behaviour is learned by observing and imitating behaviour of others.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Test that measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes.
Tomography (PET)
Uses radioactive substances to measure changes in the metabolic system of tissues.
Tomography (CT scan)
Medical imaging to see internal images of the body. Lots of radiation.
Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Changes in blood oxygen and flow in response to neural activity.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
No radiation, three-dimensional images through radio waves.
Desensitization
A process that takes away emotional responsiveness to a stimulus repeatedly exposed.
Extinction
The disappearance of behaviour that was previously learned by association with another event through withdrawing the unconditioned stimulus.
Hyperpolarization
Increase in electric potential across the membrane of the cell, so the inner membrane becomes more negative than the outside.
Hyperpolarization
Increase in electric potential across the membrane of the cell, so the inner membrane becomes more negative than the outside.
Temporal Lobe
hearing, memory and emotion, auditory cortex, and wenikes area
Parietal Lobe
Process information, senses (somatosensory cortex) touch and pain
Occipital Lobe
To see, apart of the posterior cerebella,
Frontal Lobe
motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, brocas area
