PSYC 110 Final

Question 1

Sound

Answer 1

periodic compressions of air, water, or other media

Question 2

frequency

Answer 2

related to pitch

Question 3

amplitude

Answer 3

related to loudness

Question 4

outer ear

Answer 4

pinna, auditory meatus; sound collection and amplification

Question 5

middle ear

Answer 5

ossicles; impedance matching between air (outside) and liquid (inner ear)

Question 6

inner ear

Answer 6

cochlea, round and oval windows

Question 7

How auditory system represents sound

Answer 7

Frequency (pitch)
Intensity (loudness)
Sound location

Question 8

Place coding

Answer 8

specific frequencies represented on specific locations of cochlea

Question 9

Receptive Field (sound)

Answer 9

the range of frequencies to which the neuron responds to

Question 10

tonotopy

Answer 10

the basic organizationof the auditory systems

Question 11

Hierarchical processing

Answer 11

lower levels of the sensory system are sensitive to low-level cues and higher levels are sensitive to more “object”-like cues

Question 12

AAF

Answer 12

auditory pattern discrimination (WHAT)

Question 13

PAF

Answer 13

auditory sound localization (WHERE)

Question 14

Cutaneous senses

Answer 14

pressure, vibration, heating, cooling, tissue damage

Question 15

proprioception

Answer 15

perception of body position and posture

Question 16

receptive field (touch)

Answer 16

the locations on the skin to which a somatosensory neuron responds to

Question 17

mechanoreceptors

Answer 17

neurons that convert stimuli into receptor potentials

Question 18

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 18

vibration sensitive, large receptive fields, slow adapting; useful in determining grip on objects

Question 19

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 19

detects mechanical stimuli, especially vibrations, large receptive fields, fast adapting

Question 20

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 20

touch sensitive, small receptive fields, fast adapting; concentrated in highly sensitive areas (lips, fingertips, genitals)

Question 21

Merkel’s disks

Answer 21

touch sensitive, small receptive fields, slow adapting

Question 22

A-delta fibers

Answer 22

thinly myelinated, acute “good” pain (sharp objects), releases glutamate

Question 23

C-fibers

Answer 23

unmyelinated, dull “bad” pain (tissue damage), release Substance P

Question 24

Heat and Cold receptors (hottest to coldest)

Answer 24

TRPV2, TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, TRPA1

Question 25

Pain perception components

Answer 25

sensory component
immediate emotional component
long-term emotional component

Question 26

Prostaglandin

Answer 26

blocks action of glycine - more APs signaling pain)

Question 27

Enkephalin

Answer 27

natural opiate in the body

Question 28

accomdation reflex

Answer 28

changes focus of the lens from near to far

Question 29

photoreceptors

Answer 29

1st recipients of visual info; rods and cones

Question 30

bipolar cells

Answer 30

integrates info from photoreceptors

Question 31

magnocellular ganglion cells

Answer 31

larger cells, larger receptive fields, specialized for detection of movement; peripheral retina

Question 32

parvocellular ganglion cells

Answer 32

small cells, densly packed in the fovea, specialized for object/detail perception; central retina/fovea

Question 33

flow of visual info

Answer 33

photoreceptors–>bipolar cells–>retinal ganglion cells–>optic nerve–>brain

Question 34

receptive field (vision)

Answer 34

the location in visual space which produces an excitatory or inhibitory response in the neuron

Question 35

opponent organization for color

Answer 35

red(+)/green(-)

blue(-)/yellow(+)