PSY212-02 final exam

Question 1

How many clusters of personality traits are there listed in the DSM?

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

How does Borderline Personality Disorder begin?

Answer 2

Neglectful caregiver and/or traumatic childhood life events (abuse, abandonment, hardships, etc…)

Question 3

Why is Borderline Personality Disorder considered a high risk condition?

Answer 3

Significantly higher rate of self-harming and suicidal behavior, impulsive behavior

Question 4

What are the prevalence rates?

Answer 4

1.6% to 5.9%

Question 5

What is one of the best treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder?

Answer 5

DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy)

Question 6

What are the relational aspects of borderline personality disorder and how does someone with Borderline Personality Disorder “view” relationships with others?

Answer 6

Over idealization and devaluation. You will be best thing in the whole world and then the next day the worst thing ever and be hated by them

Question 7

What is the name of the theory that most clinicians view borderline personality disorder through?

Answer 7

Biosocial Theory

Question 8

What are the diagnostic criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

Answer 8

Elevated sense of self (high ego) and need for validation

Question 9

What are the diagnostic criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

Answer 9

Magical thinking influences their behaviors, suspicious and paranoid, social anxiety disorder influenced by paranoia

Question 10

What are some treatments for Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

Answer 10

CBT, Group therapy, and medications

Question 11

Which medications may be helpful for schizotypal personality disorder?

Answer 11

Antipsychotic and anxiolytic

Question 12

What are the diagnostic criteria for Dependent Personality Disorder?

Answer 12

Lots of reassurance from others and over dependence on all types of relationships

Question 13

What are some differential diagnoses for Dependent Personality Disorder?

Answer 13

Separation anxiety, major depressive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and adjustment disorder

Question 14

For Dependent Personality Disorder, is the over-reliance in all relationships?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What are the types of ADHD?

Answer 15

Inattentive and Hyperactive/Impulsive

Question 16

Was ADD removes as a diagnosis from the DSM?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

How many criteria does someone with a potential ADHD diagnosis need to meet for a threshold diagnosis?

Answer 17

6 or more for children up to age 16, 5 or more for adolescents (17 and older including adults)

Question 18

Is ADHD the same in adults and kids?

Answer 18

Yes, for the most part

Question 19

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, hyperactive type?

Answer 19

Seemingly driven by a motor, off the walls, can’t focus on certain tasks, impulsive, trouble paying attention

Question 20

Do symptoms of ADHD need to be present in multiple settings in order for it to be diagnosed?

Answer 20

Yes, two or more settings

Question 21

What is the neurobiological theory behind ADHD?

Answer 21

Too much dopamine transporter protein and there is less available thus less interest in things

Question 22

What medication groups are used to treat ADHD?

Answer 22

Stimulants

Question 23

What are the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 23

Gradual decline in cognition (no extended plateaus), decline in memory and learning, and no evidence of mixed etiology

Question 24

Which substances are in the category of uppers?

Answer 24

Cocaine, adderall, caffeine

Question 25

Which mental health conditions are associated with a higher risk of developing a stimulant use disorder?

Answer 25

Eating Disorders, ADHD, and Major Depressive Disorder

Question 26

Which substances are in the category of downers?

Answer 26

Oxycontin and Valium

Question 27

Which mental health conditions are associated with a higher risk of developing a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder?

Answer 27

Anxiety, PTSD, Bipolar, and Schizophrenia

Question 28

What is adjustment disorder?

Answer 28

Temporary 6 month period where excessive reactions to stress that involve negative thoughts, strong emotions and changes in behavior

Question 29

What are the rule out conditions for adjustment disorder?

Answer 29

Straight adjustment disorder, mixed with depression and/or anxiety

Question 30

Which medical condition contributes towards irritable behaviors in nursing homes?

Answer 30

UTI

Question 31

What does CTE stand for?

Answer 31

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Question 32

How long are individuals diagnosed with an adjustment disorder for, typically?

Answer 32

6 months

Question 33

What are the diagnostic criteria for Caffeine withdrawal?

Answer 33

Headaches, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and flu like symptoms

Question 34

What percentage of Americans consume caffeine?

Answer 34

85%

Question 35

What age does Alcohol Use Disorder usually show itself by?

Answer 35

Their late 30s

Question 36

What are the medical side effects of Alcohol Use Disorder?

Answer 36

Reduction in respiratory rates, heartbeat, pulse, overall bodily functions, and sometimes seizures.

Question 37

What are the four stages of DBT treatment?

Answer 37

Interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation training and mindfulness exercises

Question 38

What are the three specifiers for (basically all) Substance Use Disorder?

Answer 38

Early remission (3 months), sustained remission (over 3 months), in a controlled environment (in a facility)

Question 39

What are the developmental differences between the psychoanalytic theory of Narcissistic personality disorder and cognitive theory?

Answer 39

Psychoanalytic → Problem begins due to cold, rejecting parents. Cognitive → Parents give their child too much praise and attention

Question 40

What is the trajectory of ADHD?

Answer 40

Child realizes they are socializing and thinking differently, brought to concern (school and outside with parents and staff) accommodations are made, can be a secondary diagnosis of anxiety, anxiety can morph into major depressive disorder

Question 41

How do comorbid diagnoses contribute towards ADHD and its trajectory?

Answer 41

Over time, as the anxiety worsens, social relationships deteriorate, school accomplishments become increasingly difficult, they begin to develop signs of depression. This can result from feeling like a failure in multiple areas of their life (social, familial, school, etc.)

Question 42

What are the two reasons why someone is at a heightened risk for psychosis when abusing stimulants?

Answer 42

Sleep deprivation and excessive dopamine released in the brain both can cause psychosis symptoms

Question 43

What are the stages of grief?

Answer 43

Denial, bargaining, grieving (depression/anger → emotional response), and acceptance

Question 44

Who is Richard Sackler?

Answer 44

Played a major role in the opioid epidemic → almost solely responsible, pushed for the selling of opioids to get rich, created oxycontin

Question 45

What is one difference between dependent personality disorder and codependent relationships?

Answer 45

In dependent personality disorder individuals are overly dependent on others emotionally and for decision-making. In codependent relationships individuals are enabling dysfunctional behavior in others due to personal needs.

Question 46

Pick a personality disorder, and discuss the criteria, treatment options, and risk factors/comorbid diagnoses for that personality disorder.

Answer 46

Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, and intense mood swings. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, such as DBT, and medication to manage symptoms. Risk factors include childhood trauma, genetic predisposition, and chaotic family environments. Bipolar Personality Disorder commonly co-occurs with other mental health conditions like depression and anxiety disorders.

Question 47

What is the relationship between illicit drug use and mental health conditions?

Answer 47

Illicit drug use can cause an individual to be at greater risk for developing mental health conditions.