PSY120 -- Chapter 14 Flashcards
Statistical Deviance
A criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among members of the population
Cultural Deviance
A criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it violates the rules or accepted standards of society
Emotional Distress
A criterion of abnormality stating that abnormal behaviors are those that lead to personal distress or emotional upset
Dysfunction
A breakdown in normal functioning
Insanity
A legal term usually defined as the inability to understand that certain actions are wrong, in a legal or moral sense, at the time of a crime
Medical Model
The view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of an underlying “disease” which can be “cured” with the appropriate therapy
Diagnostic Labeling Effects
The fact that labels for psychological problems can become self-fulfilling prophecies: the label may make it difficult to recognize normal behavior when it occurs, and it may actually increase the likelihood a person will act in an abnormal way
DSM-IV-TR
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition
The manual used for the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders, composed of five major rating dimensions
Axis I
Clinical disorders or other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
Axis II
Personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis III
General medical conditions
Axis IV
Psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
Anxiety Disorders
A class of disorders marked by excessive apprehension and worry that in turn impairs normal functioning
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive worrying or free-floating anxiety, that lasts for at least six months and that cannot be attributed to any single identifiable source
Panic Disorder
A condition marked by recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder that causes an individual to restrict his or her normal activities, and a person suffering from this disorder tends to avoid public places out of fear that a panic attack will happen
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder that manifests itself through persistent and uncontrollable thoughts or by the compelling need to perform repetitive actions
Obsessions
Persistent and uncontrollable thoughts
Compulsions
The compelling need to perform repetitive actions
Phobic Disorder
A highly focused fear of a specific object or situation
Social Anxiety Disorder
Intense fear of being watched, judged, and embarrassed in social situations
Somatoform Disorders
Psychological disorders that focus on the physical body
Hypochondriasis
A long-lasting preoccupation with the idea that one has developed a serious disease, based on what turns out to be a misinterpretation of normal body reactions
Somatization Disorder
A long-lasting preoccupation with bodily symptoms that have no identifiable physical cause
Conversion Disorder
The presence of real physical problems, such as blindness or paralysis, that seem to have no identifiable physical cause
Dissociative Disorders
A class of disorders characterized by the separation of conscious awareness from previous thoughts or memories
Dissociative Amnesia
A psychological disorder characterized by an inability to remember important personal information
Dissociative Fuge
A loss of personal identity that is often accompanied by a flight from home
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A condition in which an individual alternates between what appears to be two or more distinct identities (Multiple Personality Disorder)
Mood Disorders
Prolonged and disabling disruptions in emotional state
Major Depressive Episode
A type of mood disorder characterized by depressed mood and other symptoms
Bipolar Disorder
A type of mood disorder in which the person experiences disordered mood shifts in two directions – from depression to a manic state
Manic State
A disordered state in which the person becomes hyperactive, talkative, and has a decreased need for sleep, and the person may engage in activities that are self-destructive or dangerous
Schizophrenia
A class of disorders characterized by fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, or behavior
Personality Disorders
Chronic or enduring patterns of behavior that lead to significant impairments in social functioning
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by pervasive distrust of others
Dependent Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of by others
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by little, if any, respect for social laws, customs, and norms
Borderline Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by problems with emotional regulation, social relationships, and sense of self
Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
The idea that psychological disorders are influenced, or caused, by a combination of biological, cognitive, and environmental factors
Learned Helplessness
A general sense of helplessness acquired when people repeatedly fail in their attempts to control their environment, and may play a role in depression
