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Psych 1A > PSY1011 Exam > Flashcards

PSY1011 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

From which Greek word is ‘psychology’ derived?

A

Psyche

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2
Q

What is the term given to society’s general beliefs about psychology, that are usually untrue and acquired through media?

A

Pop psychology

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3
Q

People mutually influence each others’ behaviour

A

Reciprocal determinism

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4
Q

A perspective, believed by Socrates + Plato, in which the mind and body are separate

A

Dualism

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5
Q

A perspective, believed by Aristotle + Locke, in which the mind and body are connected

A

Monoism

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6
Q

Birth date of psychology

A

1879

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7
Q

An approach concerned with the structure of the mind

A

Structuralism

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8
Q

An approach concerned with the purpose of mental processes

A

Functionalism

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9
Q

An approach concerned with exploring the unconscious mind

A

Psychodynamic

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10
Q

An approach concerned with what is literally observable and measurable

A

Behaviourism

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11
Q

The idea that our senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are

A

Naive realism

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12
Q

The fact that it’s easy to find confirmation for a theory if you’re specifically looking for it

A

Confirmation bias

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13
Q

What are the nine subfields of psychology?

A

Clinical neuropsych, clinical psych, counselling psych, community psych, educational psych, forensic psych, health psych, organisational psych, and sport psych

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14
Q

Non-Associative Learning

A

Habituation and Sensitisation

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15
Q

Becoming less sensitive to a stimuli due to repeated exposure

A

Habituation

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16
Q

Becoming more sensitive to a stimuli over time

A

Sensitisation

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17
Q

Associative Learning

A

Classical and operant conditioning

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18
Q

Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational

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19
Q

The effort by an organism to exist in harmony with its environment

A

Equilibrium

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20
Q

Mental representations of a category, object, event, or person

A

Schema

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21
Q

Fitting new experiences into existing schemas

A

Assimilation

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22
Q

Modifying schemas to fit new information

A

Accomodation

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23
Q

The ability to recognise that important properties of an object remain the same despite a change in appearance

A

Conservation

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24
Q

An animal bonds in a critical period after birth and takes on the behavioural characteristics of the caregiver

A

Imprinting

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25
Q

Kohlberg Level One

A

Pre-morality

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26
Q

Kohlberg Level Two

A

Conventional morality

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27
Q

Kohlberg Level Three

A

Post-conventional morality

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28
Q

2 major divisions of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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29
Q

The central nervous system:

A

Brain and spinal cord

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30
Q

2 systems of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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31
Q

2 branches of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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32
Q

The brain’s ability to change, adapt, and reorganise itself

A

Neuroplasticity

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33
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

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34
Q

Type of glial cell that makes up the myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocyte

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35
Q

Part of the neuron that receives messages

A

Dendrite

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36
Q

Part of the neuron that sends messages

A

Axon

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37
Q

Stress as a positive, motivating force

A

Eustress

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38
Q

The internal processes that occur as people try to adjust to or deal with events and situations

A

Stress

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39
Q

Stimuli that threaten to disrupt an individual’s functioning and cause them to make adjustments to compensate for the disruption

A

Stressors

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40
Q

Attempting to alter or eliminate a source of stress

A

Problem-focused coping

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41
Q

Attempting to control the negative emotional consequences of a stressor

A

Emotion-focused coping

42
Q

Cells that produce antibodies

A

B-Cells

43
Q

Cells that mature in the Thymus and kill other cells

A

T-Cells

44
Q

The diagnosis for when a body attacks healthy cells

A

Autoimmune disease

45
Q

The diagnosis for when the immune system stops working

A

Immunosuppression

46
Q

An approach that contends that memory is passive

A

Passivist approach

47
Q

An approach that proposes that we actively influence our memories

A

Activist approach

48
Q

Memories held by a group of people

A

Collective memory

49
Q

Memories of specific events

A

Episodic memory

50
Q

Memories of movements and habits

A

Procedural memory

51
Q

General knowledge and facts about the world

A

Semantic memory

52
Q

Memories needing a conscious effort to remember

A

Explicit memory

53
Q

Memories automatically remembered

A

Implicit memory

54
Q

2 types of sensory memory

A

Iconic and echoic

55
Q

The principle which explains that memories are more easily retrieved if the external conditions at the time of retrieval are similar to that when they were encoded

A

Encoding specificity

56
Q

The reactivation or reconstruction of information from memory

A

Retrieval

57
Q

Generating previously remembered information

A

Recall

58
Q

Selecting previously remembered information from an array of options

A

Recognition

59
Q

Anti-psychotics

A

Neuroleptics

60
Q

Tranquilisng drugs

A

Anxiolytics

61
Q

The tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them

A

Belief perserverance

62
Q

Tendency to see patterns in meaningless data

A

Patternicity

63
Q

Roughly how many neurons are in a brain?

A

85 billion

64
Q

Around how many neural connections are in a brain?

A

160 trillion

65
Q

The term given to the fact that our memory is surprisingly good in some situations and bad in others

A

Paradox of memory

66
Q

A false but subjectively compelling memory

A

Memory illusion

67
Q

A memory in which we see ourselves as an outside observer would

A

Observer memory

68
Q

A memory in which we see the world through our own visual field

A

Field memory

69
Q

How much information a system can hold

A

Span

70
Q

How long a system can hold information

A

Duration

71
Q

The longer we wait, the more our memories fade

A

Decay

72
Q

Memories getting in the way of each other

A

Interference

73
Q

New learning hampering earlier learning

A

Retroactive inhibition

74
Q

Earlier learning hampering new learning

A

Proactive inhibition

75
Q

Organising material into meaningful groupings

A

Chunking

76
Q

3 levels of processing

A

Visual, phonological and semantic

77
Q

The tendency to remember stimuli which appear early in a list

A

Primacy effect

78
Q

The tendency to remember stimuli which appear late in a list

A

Recency effect

79
Q

The tendency to remember distinctive stimuli that stand out

A

von Restorff effect

80
Q

Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly when we have previously encountered similar syimuli

A

Priming

81
Q

3 major stages of memory

A

Encoding, storage and retrieval

82
Q

The process of getting information into our memory

A

Encoding

83
Q

The process of keeping information in our memory

A

Storage

84
Q

The process of fetching information from our memory

A

Retrieval

85
Q

The physical trace of memory in the brain

A

Engram

86
Q

Lost memories from our past

A

Retrograde amnesia

87
Q

Lost ability to form new memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

88
Q

Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations

A

Meta-memory skills

89
Q

Emotional memories so vivid that we seem to be able to recall them in extreme detail

A

Flashbulb memories

90
Q

A lack of clarity about the origin of a memory

A

Source monitoring confusion

91
Q

mistakenly forgetting one of ‘our’ ideas actually originated with someone else

A

Cryptomnesia

92
Q

Sudden, spontaneous understanding

A

Insight

93
Q

Learning that isn’t directly observable

A

Latent learning

94
Q

We are evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli

A

Preparedness

95
Q

Assuming that psychological phenomena are the same across all cultures

A

Absolutism

96
Q

Assuming that all human behaviour is culturally patterened

A

Relativism

97
Q

Assuming that all basic psychological processes are common to the human species as a whole

A

Universalism

98
Q

Studying the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of a native

A

Emic approach

99
Q

Studying the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of an outsider

A

Etic approach

100
Q

The process of adapting to a culture other than the one originally identified with

A

Acculturation

Psych 1A (1 decks)

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