PSY SOC 1-10 Flashcards
What is social psychology?
Scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context.
What research did Triplett and Ringelmann conduct?
How the presence of others affects an individual’s performance.
What did Stanley Milgram’s experiment demonstrate?
Individuals vulnerability
What are the subfields of psychology?
Behavioral genetics, Evolutionary psychology, Human Behavior, and Social Neuroscience.
What is behavioral Economics?
Interdisciplinary subfield that focuses on how social and cognitive psychology relates to economic decision-making.
What is Behavioral Genetics?
A subfield of psychology that examines the role of genetic factors in behavior.
What is cross-cultural research?
Research designed to compare and contrast people of different cultures.
Culture
System of enduring meanings, beliefs, values, assumptions, institutions, and practices shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Evolutionary Psychology
Subfielf of psychology that uses principles of evolution to understand human social behavior.
Interactionist Perspective
Emphasis on how both an individuals personaility and environmental characteristics influence behavior.
Multicultural research
Research designed to examine racial and ethnic groups within cultures.
Open science
A movement to make research materials, methods, hypotheses, and data more transparent, accessible, and easily shared with researchers from other labs.
Social cognition
Study of how people perceive, remember, and interpret information about themselves and others.
Social Neuroscience
Study of the relationship between neural and social processes.
What are theories in social psychology?
They attempt to explain and predict social psychological phenomena. The best theories are precise, explain all the relevant info, and generate research that can support or disconfirm them. (slay)
What is the goal of basic research?
Increase understanding of human behavior.
What is the goal of applied research?
Make applications to the world and contribute to the solution of social problems.
What must researchers use to measure variables?
Self-reports, observations, and technology
What does correlational research do?
Examines the association between variables. ( CORRELATION DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION)
What are two things experiments require?
(1) control by the experimenter over events in the study. (2) Random assignment of participants to conditions.
What do experimental findings have?
Internal validity is to the extent that changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the independent variable.
What do research results have?
External validity is to the extent that they can be generalized to other people and in different situations.
What does Meta-analysis use?
Statistical techniques to integrate the quantitive results of different studies.
What do experiments examine?
The effects of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables.
Applied research
The goal of research is to make applications to the world and contribute to solving social problems.
Basic research
Research whose goal is to increase the understanding of human behavior, often by testing hypotheses based on a theory.
Bogus pipeline technique
A procedure in which research participants are (falsely) led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie.
Confederates
Accomplice of an exterminator who, in dealing with the actual participants in an experiment, acts as if they’re also a participant. (undercover)
Confound
A factor other than the independent variable varies between the conditions of an experiment, thereby calling into question what caused any effects on the dependent variable.
Construct validity
The extent to which the measure used in a study measures the variables they were designed to measure, and the manipulation in an experiment manipulates the variables they were intended to manipulate. ( Everything went well)
Correlation coefficients
Statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables
Correlation research
Research is designed to measure the association between variables not manipulated by the researcher.
Debriefing
A disclosure is made to participants after the research procedure is completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, attempts to resolve any negative feelings, and emphasizes the scientific contribution made by the participant’s involvement. (not good)
Deception
A method that provides false information to participants
( Deceiving)
Dependent variables
In an experiment, a factor that experimenters measure to see if it’s affected by the independent variable
Experiment
This research can demonstrate casual relationships because (1) the experimenter has control over the events that occur. (2) participants are randomly assigned to conditions.
Experimental realism
The degree to which experimental procedures involve participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously
Experimenter expectancy effects
The effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations of the experiment result affect their behavior towards participants and influence their responses
External validity
The degree to which there can be reasonable confidence that the results of a study would be obtained for other people and in different situations.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur.
Independent variables
A factor that experimenters manipulate to see if it affects the dependent variable.
Informed consent
An individual deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research based on the researcher’s description of what will be required during such participation. (good!)
Internal validity
The degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment CAUSED the effects obtained on the dependent variables.
Interrater reliability
The degree to which different observers agree on their observations.
Mundane realism
The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in the real world.
Operational definition
The specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable.
Preregistration
The practice of researchers reporting their research design, predictions, and plans for data analyses BEFORE conducting their study.
Random assignment
A method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment is needed so that each participant has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions.
Random sampling
A method of selecting participants for a study is needed so that everyone in a population has an equal chance of being included in the study.
Replication
Repeating a research study to see if the results are similar to those found in the original study
Subject variables
A variable that characterizes preexisting differences among the participants in a study
Theory
An organized set of principles is used to explain observed phenomena.
Affective forecasting
The process of predicting how one would feel in response to future emotional events
Bask in reflected glory (BIRG)
To increase self-esteem by associating with others who are successful
Dialectism
An Eastern system of thought that accepts the coexistence of contradictory characteristics within a single person
Downward social comparisons
The defensive tendency to compare ourselves with others who are worse off than we are.
Facial feedback hypothesis
The hypothesis is that changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion.
Implicit egotism
A nonconscious form of self-enhancement
Overjustification effect
The tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with reward or other extrinsic factors.
