psy ch 1 test Flashcards
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by
evolutionary psychologists
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their
environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their
environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of
________.
chromosomes; DNA
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and
our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries
we will fall.
range of reaction
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
synapse
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron’s cell
body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for
________.
depression
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
central; peripheral nervous systems
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body
temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
homeostasis
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face temperature, touch, and pain
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several
years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He
suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of
his parents’ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is
because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible
for emotional memories.
limbic system
Jeremy has Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects
motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood.
It is likely that Jeremy’s ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of
hormones tend to be ________.
faster; longer lasting
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation,
increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the
bladder to contract.
parasympathetic
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas
underlying language function.
lateralization
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?
Broca’s area
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor
after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced
appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor
most likely affecting?
hypothalamus
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the
following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation
Psychology refers to the ________.
scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of
explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by
evidence over time?
scientific theory