psy Flashcards
an individual’s unique and enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are called
personality
the term character refers to
favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics
swiss psychiatrist carl jung proposed that people are either
introverts or extroverts
the id resides only in the unconscious level of awareness
true
evaluating your worth as a person creates either a high or low
self esteem
the four approaches to personality covered by the text include all following except
transactional analysis
the dimensions of personality stressed by eysenck include whether one is mainly introverted or extroverted and whether one tends to be emotionally stable or unstable
true
for psychoanalytic theorists, the principal motives involve
sex and aggression
to assess personality, psychologists tend to use
all of these in combination
classifying people into two or three types is more informative than rating people on a list of traita
true
according to twin studies, the role of environment in shaping personality is
as much or more important than heredity
if a personality test measures consistently every time it is given, we say that the test is
reliable
the best known and most widely used objective personality test is the
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2
the rorschach technique involves the use of
inkblots
the dominant approach to the study of personality is currently the _ approach
trait
a person who is cynical and insensitive, lacks remorse, and is unconcerned with the morality of his or her actions would be described as having the trait of
psychopathy
the dimensions of the “big five” factor model of personality are
extroversion, agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, and openness to experience
regarding personality disorders, which of the following statements is false?
personality disorders typically emerge abruptly after a traumatic experience
in freudian theory, the “executive” structure that is directed by the reality principle is the
ego
to reduce sexual tension, the sexual energies may be utilized in other activities, such as sports, music, or dancing through a process called
sublimation
in an old movie, there were two friends who were always at odds with each other because one was compulsively neat and orderly, while his friend was extremely messy and disorganized according to freud, both men were fixated in the ___stage
anal
what do the personality theorists karen horney, alfred adler, and carl jung have in common?
they were all neo freudians
which theorists believe humans have free will and that human nature is inherently good?
humanists
carl rogers believed that adults who experience emotional problems
are too much influenced by the standards of others
according to maslow, a peak experience allows a person to experience a temporary moment of
self actualization
freud
libido
adler
inferiority complex
maslow
self actualization
jung
collective unconscious
rogers
ideal self
statistical approaches to abnormality define as “abnormal” those who
deviate from the average on an objective measure of behavior
to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapies to treat them, psychologists use the
dsm-5
the categories of depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders are sometimes collectively referred to as _ disorders
mood
rebecca has an irrational fear of elevators and escalators to the point that she has walked up 20 flights of stairs, while her older sister is afraid to leave the safety of her home rebecca and her sister each have a type of _ disorder
anxiety
which category of disorders involves extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and the repetitive performance of certain behaviors?
obsessive compulsive and related disorders
there are major gaps in your memory of events; you feel like you are a robot or a stranger to yourself; or others tell you that you have done things that you don’t remember doing if you showed these symptoms, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of _ disorder
dissociative
which of the following disorders involves a person exhibiting bodily complaints, such as chronic pain that suggest illness or injury but for which there is no identifiable organic cause?
somatic symptom and related disorders
unhealthy behavior patterns, such as being narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial, can repeatedly cause problems at work, at school, and in your relationships with others these unhealthy behavior patterns are characteristic of which disorders?
personality disorders
persons who are housebound because they fear that something upsetting will happen if they leave the security of their homes suffer from the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia
true
imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world, are known as
hallucinations
munchausen syndrome and munchausen by proxy syndrome are types of dissociative disorders
false
people with which disorder either have a high sensitivity to dopamine or have excess amounts of dopamine in their brains?
schizophrenia
negative, distorted, or self-defeating thoughts underlie depression, according to the _ theory
cognitive
which disorder affects about 68 percent of all adults in a given year and involves the person having an intense, irrational fear of being observed, evaluated, embarrassed, or humiliated by others in everyday situations?
social phobia
which of the following would be evidence of a dissociative disorder?
a woman is found in a bus station, unable to remember her name or where she lives
many of freud’s first patients had physical symptoms, such as paralysis or numbness, for which no physical causes could be found freud called this condition
hysteria
freud called which of the following the “royal road to the unconscious” because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings were freely expressed?
dreams
katie is very afraid of deep water according to behavior therapists, the best way to alleviate katie’s fear is to
help her relax while she gradually becomes accustomed to deeper water
humanistic therapies generally emphasize
making full use of one’s potential
if you seek counseling from a cognitive behavior therapist, you would expect him or her to
help you to change inappropriate patterns of thought
