PSY 372 Exam 2

Question 1

what is self-regulation

Answer 1

the process by which people control their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in order to achieve a personal of social goal

Question 2

Is it easy to engage in self-regulation

Answer 2

we are constantly engaging in self-regulation, however, cognitively we have limited resources (results in self-regulation fatigue)

Question 3

what is self-regulation fatigue

Answer 3

seeing self-control as a limited inner resource that can be temporarily depleted by usage

Question 4

what are the two ways that we present ourselves to others

Answer 4

self-presentation and self-verification

Question 5

self-presentation is

Answer 5

behaviors that we engage in to present our sense of self to people so that they can see us how we see ourselves

Question 6

spotlight effect…

Answer 6

tendency to believe that the social spotlight shines more brightly on us that it really does

Question 7

self-verification is

Answer 7

the desire to have others perceive us the way we truly perceive ourselves

Question 8

why is surrounding ourselves with others like us a form of self-verification?

Answer 8

when you look to others for a reference you look to your peers so what you think/do is right and confirms who you are

Question 9

what is self-monitoring

Answer 9

regulating one’s behavior to meet the demands of social situations (personality trait)

Question 10

Pros of being a high self-monitor (repertoire of selves depending on social circumstances)

Answer 10

can pick things up better, have good social relationships, are able to fit in very well, good at being appropriate things depending on the social situation

Question 11

Cons of being a high self-monitor

Answer 11

can be seen as not authentic since they can change so quickly, it is difficult for people to perceive your authentic self, may overthink things, can cause anxiety if feel like you need to fit in a certain way, fatigues self-regulation

Question 12

Pros of being a low self-monitor

Answer 12

not worrying about how you should be, people know what they are getting (authenticity), friendships and realtionships feel like they are more genuine

Question 13

cons of being a low self-monitor

Answer 13

who you are can be inappropriate depending on the situation

Question 14

first impressions…

Answer 14

are often subtly influenced by different aspects of a person’s appearance

Question 15

what did the Willis & Todorov study conclude about first impressions

Answer 15

it takes us 1/10 of a second to form judgments on people based on first impressions

Question 16

what is a script?

Answer 16

a special kind of schema that tells you how certain situations are supposed to unfold

Question 17

how do scripts help us form first impressions?

Answer 17

if a person does exactly as expected it is seen as good, however, when someone does not follow a script we make better impressions and are able to learn more about them

Question 18

how do scripts influence social perception

Answer 18

we sometimes see what we expect to see in a particular situation
people use what they know about social situations to explain the causes of human behavior

Question 19

behavioral cues are used to…

Answer 19

identify a person’s inner states, as well as their actions

Question 20

nonverbal cures people use

Answer 20

facial expressions, body language (turning to someone, fidgeting, hand gestures, nodding head), eye contact, physical space (proximity), physical touch

Question 21

why do most judgments happen unconsciously

Answer 21

it is too much (cognitively) to do so consciously

Question 22

attribution theories

Answer 22

describe how people explain the causes of behaviors

Question 23

Heider spilts the explanations into two categories

Answer 23

personal attributions and situational attributions

Question 24

personal attributions

Answer 24

when you see someone behave, they behave they way that they did because of someone that is internal or personal to them

Question 25

situational attributions

Answer 25

people behave the way that they did because something in the situation of context caused them to act the way that they did

Question 26

heuristics are

Answer 26

cognitive shortcuts or rules that our minds us to process information more quickly

Question 27

representative heuristics

Answer 27

Tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone of something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member

Question 28

availability heuristics

Answer 28

Tendency to make judgments based on how quickly similar instances come to mind