Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PST2235 Med Studies End of Semester Quiz > pst2235 exam quiz > Flashcards

pst2235 exam quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term prodromal refer to when discussing disease characteristics?

A

Early stage of vague, non-specific symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? give examples

A

signs = objective - Rash, tachycardia
symptoms = subjective - dizzy, nausea, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name given to an increase in cell number via cellular division?

A

hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the term apoptosis mean?

A

Programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 characteristics of visceral pain?

A

referred and poorly localised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name given to an area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve?

A

dermatome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Briefly define the term - iatrogenic

A

injury or disease caused by medical intervention or errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when discussing disease,. what is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

A

incidence is the number of new cases, prevalence is the number of all cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list 2 chemical mediators that are involved in inflammatory response

A

histamine, cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what area of the brain is responsible for temperature control?

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the term given to the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment?

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what fluid shifts occur when a hypotonic solution is infused into a normally hydrated patient?

A

water will be drawn from the solution into the cells as the cells will have a higher solute concentration than the infused fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland, stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water? what effect would this have on blood pressure?

A

aldosterone
raises blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which substance is released by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to reduce blood volume?

A

renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an abnormal accumulation of water in the interstitial tissue is commonly referred to as what?

A

Oedema or swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which common electrolyte imbalance triggers the thirst reflex?

A

Hypernatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

life threatening arrhythmias are a severe consequence of which electrolyte imbalance?

A

hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which hormone “pulls” calcium from bones and increases absorption?

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the name of the receptors that initiate a respiratory response to changes in pH?

A

chemorecepetors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which electrolyte is vital to support energy needs and oxygen transport?

A

phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how long do renal compensatory mechanisms take to adjust pH?

A

hours to days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which acid-based imbalance is characterised by an excess of non-carbonic acid (non-volatile)?

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the difference between volatile and non-volatile acids?

A

volatile excreted through respiration and non-volatile excreted through the renal system

24
Q

in what stage of shock do rouleaux formations and capillary obstruction occur?

A

decompensating

25
Q

which coronary artery supplies blood to the conduction system?

A

right

26
Q

what is the number 1 rule for shock management?

A

assume hypovolaemic until proven otherwise

27
Q

what is the formula for calculating MAP?

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

28
Q

what are the 4 stages of the progression of shock in the microcirculation?

A

vasoconstriction, capillary, and venue opening, DIC, multiple organ failure

29
Q

what is the definition of cardiogenic shock?

A

shock that occurs due to the inability of the heart to deliver adequate circulating volume for tissue perfusion

30
Q

list 3 non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

A

gender, age, family history, type 1 diabetes

31
Q

provide 3 management goals for the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome

A

reduced workload, increase O2 delivery, minimise clot formations

32
Q

which type of angina is caused by vasospasm of the coronary artery?

A

prinzmetal’s angina

33
Q

what are the 2 main branches of the left main coronary artery?

A

Left anterior descending and circumflex

34
Q

what type of MI is caused by micro-emboli becoming lodged in the distal coronary arteries?

A

Non-stemi

35
Q

describe the pharmacological management of chest pain of presumed cardiac origin

A

fentanyl, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin

36
Q

what is the life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of left ventricular failure?

A

Acute pulmonary oedema

37
Q

what condition is characterised by sudden syncope, pain in the back or abdomen and unequal BP readings?

A

Dissecting aneurysm

38
Q

asthma is a sudden or progressive narrowing of the airways caused by what 3 mechanisms?

A

Bronchospasm, swelling, increased mucous production

39
Q

At what rate should an asthmatic patient be ventilated with a BVM?

A

4-6 breaths per minute
allow extra time for air to be expelled

40
Q

which group of conditions results in destruction of alveoli and reduced surface area for gas exchange?

A

CAL - bronchitis and emphysema

41
Q

An inability to lie flat due to breathing difficulties is termed?

A

Orthopnoea

42
Q

what is the most effective long-term treatment for the management of chronic asthma?

A

steroids

43
Q

describe the difference between high VQ and low VQ

A

high VQ - ventilation is normal but there is decreased perfusion
low VQ - ventilation is reduced but there is adequate perfusion

44
Q

list 4 medical causes of seizures

A

hypoglycaemia, infection, epilepsy, drug withdrawal

45
Q

what are the phases of an epileptic seizure?

A

aura, tonic, clonic, post-ictal

46
Q

what is the medical terminology for difficulty speaking?

A

dysphasia

47
Q

what type of strokes have a better prognosis - ischaemic or haemorrhagic?

A

ischaemic

48
Q

what are the 4 types of headaches identified?

A

tension, migraine, cluster and sinus

49
Q

typically, what percentage of beta cells are destroyed before type 1 diabetes manifests?

A

80-90%

50
Q

list 3 common symptoms of hyperglycaemia

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

51
Q

what is the mechanism of action of glucagon?

A

it stimulates glycogenolysis which requires stores of glycogen in the liver

52
Q

what autoimmune disease causes excess thyroid hormone secretion?

A

Grave’s disease

53
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is caused by an excess of which hormone?

A

cortisol

54
Q

in a hypersensitivity reaction which cells release histamine?

A

mast cells

55
Q

which type of disorder involves a failure in recognising or a loss of tolerance to self?

A

autoimmune disease

56
Q

what types of immune cells differentiate into plasma cells?

A

B cells

57
Q

what is the main difference between T cells and B cells?

A

T cells respond directly to attack invading organism and B cells produce antibodies

PST2235 Med Studies End of Semester Quiz (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions