PST

Question 1

What are the parts of the NDMM?

Answer 1

Information and Intelligence
Asses threat/risk and develop a working strategy
Power and policies
Identify options and contingencies
Take action and review what happened
Code of ethics

Question 2

Use of force can be used as long as it is

Answer 2

Necessary
Proportionate
Reasonable

Question 3

Threat assessment Profiled Offender Behaviours

Answer 3

Compliant - doing as instructed
Verbal resistance and gestures - verbally aggressive and maybe waving arms around
Passive resistance - refusing to move but not aggression such as lying on the floor and not getting up
Active resistance - moving away from you
Aggressive resistance - striking out towards you and trying to get away
Serious and aggravated resistance - sustained attack on you or use of a weapon

Question 4

Give 5 threat assessment impact factors

Answer 4

Sex-age-size strength; skill level; exhaustion; injury; numbers; special knowledge; alcohol; drugs; mental derangement; imminent danger; being in a position of disadvantage; your perception of the situation; time of day; location; emotions; weapons

Question 5

Under which laws can force be used?

Answer 5

Common law
Criminal law act 1967 section 3
Police and criminal evidence act 1984 section 117
Human rights act 1998

Question 6

What articles under Human Rights Act 1998 need to be considered?

Answer 6

Article 2 right to life
Article 3 prohibition of torture
Article 8 right to privacy

Question 7

What does PLAN stand for?

Answer 7

Proportionate
Legal
Accountable
Necessary

Question 8

List 5 tactical options for officers?

Answer 8

Officer presence
Tactical communications
Unarmed skills
Incapacitant spray
Limb restraints
Handcuffs
Baton
Approaching or withdrawing
Gathering evidence/observations

Question 9

List 5 warning signs of anger

Answer 9

Direct prolonged eye contact; abrupt stopping and starting of nervous behaviour; ground kicking; breathing rate accelerates; stands tall; large body movements; facial colour darkens; head goes back; aggression is directed

Question 10

List 5 danger signs

Answer 10

Fist clenching and unclenching; facial colour palest lips tighten over teeth; head drops forward to protect throat; eyebrows lower to protect eyes; hands raise over waist; shoulders tense; stance changes; acquisition glances; body lowers

Question 11

What is the 5 step appeal

Answer 11

Ask
Explain
Options
Confirm
Action

Question 12

What is tactical positioning

Answer 12

6 foot reactionary gap

90 degree fighting arc

Question 13

List 5 potential communication barriers?

Answer 13

Mental ill health
Alcohol and drugs 
Environment
Disability
Cultural differences
Stress reactions

Question 14

What is ABD?

Answer 14

Acute behavioural disorder - a person exhibits violent behaviour in a bizarre and manic way rather then being simply violent

Question 15

What are the 4 threat levels?

Answer 15

High
Medium
Low
Unknown

Question 16

What caused ABD?

Answer 16

Psychiatric illness
Substance misuse
Some medical conditions

Question 17

Signs/symptoms of ABD?

Answer 17

Bizarre or aggressive behaviour; impaired thinking; incoherent speech; hot to touch; removal of clothes; disorientation and hallucinations; acute onset paranoia; rapid breathing; irregular breathing; unexpected physical strength; significantly diminished painnsudden tranquility after frenzied activity

Question 18

What does C.A.R.E.S stand for?

Answer 18

Contain rather than restrain
Approach in view
Reduce distractions
Explain what you are doing
Slow down your actions

Question 19

What is positional asphyxia?

Answer 19

Having the detained person in a position where they are unable to breathe with weight on their shoulders so they are unable to expand their chest

Question 20

What should you do with ABD?

Answer 20

Ambulance - treat as medical emergency
Broadcast - report situation
Detain

Question 21

What does PAVA stand for?

Answer 21

Pelargonic Acid Vanilylamide

Question 22

What are the 4 steps of using PAVA?

Answer 22

Spray
Step away
Asses
Aftercare

Question 23

What are the rules for spraying PAVA?

Answer 23

1/2 second spray in still air
1 second spray in moving air
Minimum 3 feet away from subject
Multiple subjects multiple sprays

Question 24

What is the aftercare for PAVA?

Answer 24

Tell them that they have been sprayed with PAVA and that you are going to help
Tell them the effects are temporary
Tell them to take their hands away from their face
Check if they wear contact lenses. If they do and they calm down they can remove themselves otherwise a doctor in custody will do this