PSL300 Lecture 6 Flashcards
What are the 2 states metabolism can have?
- fed, absorptive, anabolic
2. fasted, postabsorptive, catabolic
What is metabolism?
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Define: anabolic
use glucose for energy
Define: catabolic
???
What is BMR?
Basal metabolic rate.
Amount of energy an individual uses when resting at a comfortable temperature, not eating. (Amount of energy to exist comfortably)
What is energy balance?
Caloric intake and output (exercise)
Define: gluconeogenesis
make glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (e.g. glycerol, amino acid)
What processes does glucose undergo to get broken down in order to be used as energy?
- Glycolysis
- TCA & oxidative phosphorylation
Final product = ATP
What processes does fatty acids and glycerol undergo to get broken down in order to be used as energy?
Bata oxidation of FFA
final product: ATP
How is glucose stored?
- what does it get stored as?
- what processes store it?
- what process converts it back?
- where is it stored?
- stored as glycogen
- glucose -> glycogen = glycogenesis
- glycogen -> glucose = glycogenolysis
- stored in liver, muscles
How is fatty acids and glycerol stored?
- what does it get stored as?
- what processes store it?
- what process converts it back?
- stored as triglycerides
- fatty acid -> triglyceride = lipogenesis
- triglyceride -> fatty acid = lipolysis
- stored in adipose tissue
How are amino acids stored?
- what does it get stored as?
- what processes store it?
- what process converts it back?
- stored as protein
- amino acid -> protein = protein synthesis
- protein -> amino acid = protein degradation
- stored in muscle
What are the 3 basic nutrients?
glucose
fatty acids/glycerol
amino acids
The 3 essential nutrients are stored as ______ units, but when needed for energy, are ________ units.
bigger
smaller
1 hour after a person has eaten, which of the following would you expect to observe?
a) gluconeogenesis in the liver
b) lipolysis in fat cells
c) protein synthesis in muscle cells
d) glycogenolysis in the liver
EXPLAIN AND DEFINE TERMS.
c
gluconeogenesis = production of glucose from non-carbohydrates (glucose from meal, so no need to make more)
lipolysis = break down of triglyceride to fatty acids (no need for energy)
protein synthesis = amino acids turn to protein (for storage of access amino acids, so yes!)
glycogenolysis = break down of glycogen to glucose (no need for more glucose)