Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas

Question 1

Colors of pyoverdine and pyocyanine.

Answer 1

Pyoverdine: yellow-green pigment that fluoresces blue-green under UV light. Pyocyanine: blue pigment. When combined they have bright green color.

Question 2

Cystic fibrosis (CF) often yield Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms and they form mucoid colonies . as a result of what-

Answer 2

Aeruginosa organisms form mucoid colonies as a result of overproduction of alginate.

Question 3

Burkholderia cepacia are- oxidase……(positive/negative) lysine decarboxylase…..(positive/negative).

Answer 3

Oxidase positive. Lysine decarboxilase positive.

Question 4

Which one produces four type III-secreted toxins that cause cell death or interfere with the host immune response
to infection. Describe.
S-T-U-Y.

Answer 4

P. aeruginosa produces four type III-secreted toxins that cause cell death or interfere with the host immune response to infection. Exoenzyme S and exoenzyme T are bifunctional enzymes with GTPase and ADP-ribosyl transferase activity, exoenzyme U is a phospholipase, and exoenzyme Y
is an adenylyl cyclase.

Question 5

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia are- oxidase….(positive/negative) lysine decarboxylase….(positive/negative).

Answer 5

The organism is generally oxidase negative, and positive for lysine decarboxylase, DNase, and oxidation of glucose and maltose

Question 6

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia- color and odor generally.

Answer 6

Colonies may have a lavender-green color; an ammonia-like odor.

Question 7

Is TMP-SMX effective for S.malthophilia.

Answer 7

S.Maltophilia is usually susceptible to TMP-SMX and ticarcillin–clavulanic acid but resistant to many other commonly used antimicrobials, including
cephalosporins, aminoglycoside and many more.

Question 8

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a….(big/small), ….(nonmitle/motile), oxidase….(positive/negative),…. (aerobic/anaerobic) Gram-negative bacillus, which is also indole….(positive/negative)
and resistant to colistin and gentamicin.

Answer 8

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a small, motile, oxidase-positive, aerobic Gram-negative bacillus, which is also indole-negative
and resistant to colistin and gentamicin.

Question 9

Burkholderia pseudomallei color and odor.

Answer 9

Colonies are initially (24–48 hours) mucoid and smooth/creamy, but upon further length of incubation change in appearance
to rough and wrinkled and in color from cream to orange.

Question 10

Is Burkholderia pseudomallei able to oxidize carbohydrates (glucose,lactose).

Answer 10

The organism grows at 42°C and oxidizes glucose, lactose, and a
variety of other carbohydrates.

Question 11

The disease caused by Bukholderia pseudomallei. Symptoms.

Answer 11

Pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis (also called Whitmore’s disease). Melioidosis may manifest itself as acute, subacute, or chronic infection. The most common form of melioidosis is pulmonary infection, which may be a primary pneumonitis
(B. pseudomallei transmitted
through the upper airway or nasopharynx).or subsequent to a localized suppurative infection and bacteremia. Some develop chronic suppurative infection with abscesses in skin, brain, lung, myocardium, liver, bone, and other sites. chronic suppurative infections may be afebrile.

Question 12

Burkholderia mallei disease.

Answer 12

Burkholderia mallei is the cause of glanders.

Question 13

Burkholderia Mallei is a ….(large/small) Gram-negative, oxidase….(positive/negative), ….(aerobic/anaerobic),….(motile/nonmotile) ….(rod/bacillus).

Answer 13

B.Mallei is a small Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic bacillus. Unlike
B. pseudomallei, B. mallei is nonmotile.

Question 14

Which one is resistant to Heavy metals

Answer 14

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Organism is resistant to various heavy metals, which makes S. maltophilia tolerant to silverlined catheters.

Question 15

Acinetobacter species are….(aerobic/anaerobic), catalase….(positive/negative), oxidase….(positive/negative), ….cocccobacillary,coccal,diplococcal cells

Answer 15

Acinetobacter species are aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidasenegative, Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in
nature and widely distributed in soil and water

Question 16

Acinetobacter common infections include-

Answer 16

infections include meningitis, wound infections (eg, severe trauma and burn wounds), and urinary tract infections (associated with biofilm produc-
tion on indwelling urinary catheters).
Acinetobacter species account for up to 2% of all bloodstream infections.

Question 17

Is Pseudomonas aeurgoginosa able to ferment carbohydrates(glucose,lactose).

Answer 17

Aeruginosa does not ferment carbohydrates, including lactose.

Question 18

Is TMP-SMX effective for B.cepacia treatment.

Answer 18

Usually yes.

Question 19

Ecthyma gangrenosum most common cause.

Answer 19

The lesions, called ecthyma gangrenosum, are surrounded by erythema and often do not contain pus. P aeruginosa can be seen on Gram-stained specimens from ecthyma lesions, and culture results are positive. Ecthyma gangrenosum is uncommon in bacteremia caused
by organisms other than P aeruginosa.

Question 20

Acinetobacter species can be cause of

Answer 20

Acinetobacter can be a significant cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients