Pseudomonas Flashcards
Pseudomonas: gram- or +? shape? glucose fermentors? anaerobic or aerobic? sporeforming? What color does it turn the agar? Odor? oxidase pos or neg? Growth Temp?
gram- bacilli or coccobacilli grows at 42C (really hot)
non-glucose fermenting
obligate aerobes
non-spore-forming
oxidase pos
Grape-like odor
Procyanin turns agar blue (but not colonies)
Piloveridan is a yellow pigment under light, so mixed it gives a green color
pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors?
polar flagella, mucoid polysaccharide slime layer, pili
(found in environment. organisms found in the environment are found to have more antimicrobial resistance because antimicrobials are also from the environment)
Why does P aeruginosa grow well in hospitals?
It is used to cold environment, so it grows in hospital.
Also normally grows on flowers (especially wet flowers),so can grow on the flowers people bring to hospital.
Who gets P aeruginosa?
Infections occur at any site where moisture tends to accumulate, indwelling catheres, trach sites, burns, external ear, etc.
So burn patients, CF patients, patients w/hematological malignancies, immunocompromised patients
Have to do something to invite the pathogens, lose skin to burn then you’re inviting them in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?
Major resp infections: CF, chronic lung disease, necrotizing bronchopneumonia, 9/10 most common ventilation related illnesses are due to P aeruginosa
Others: Swimmer’s ear, UTI, eye infections (eye cosmetics)
Bacteremia w/ecthyma gangrenosum
Toxins of P aeruginosa?
exotoxin A (blocks protein synthesis, contributes to dermatonecrosis in wounds and tissue damage in lungs) exoenzyme S (ADP-ribosylating enzyme facilitates spread via epithelial cell damage) elastase (degrades elastin leading to tissue destruction and hemorrhagic lesions)
Burkholderia pseudomallei: disease?
Where do you find it?
Is it dangerous?
Acute melioidosis: septicemia with metastatic lesions (95% mortality if untreated)
Subacute melioidosis: TB-like pneumonia w/cellulitis and lymphangitis
Chronic melioidosis: localized chronic cellulitis
(It can occur years after introduction)
soil, water and vegetation of SE asia (20 degrees N and S of the equator)
category B biothreat agent spreads via resp
Burkholderia cepacia diseases?
Treatment?
UTIs, septicemia, problematic for CF
Problem treating it due to high level of resistance
CF: what causes it?
effect on immune system?
mutated CFTR gene (autosomal recessive)
decreased innate immunity (can’t take up bacteria and poor electrolyte transport lead thick, dry, sticky mucus)
mucus buildup provides perfect niche for lung infections due impaired mucociliary transport
chronic infections lead to pulmonary exacerbation (recruitment of neutrophils, cytokine release, and elastases cause damage to the lung)
CF and Burkholderia cepacia relation?
Burkholderia cepacia is a major cause of lung infection in CF patients.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: diseases?
treatment?
fermentor or non-fermentor?
Oxidase pos or neg?
bacteremia, pneumonia, wound infection, meningitis, UTI
Hard to treat due to high resistance, treat with SXT
non-fermentor
oxidase neg (very rare for non-fermentor to be oxidase neg)
elizabethkingia meningoseptica: disease?
growth medium plate?
Treatment?
Nosocomial infections from breast pumps in nurseries
neonatal meningitis, pneumonia in adults
high mortality rate (55%)
Pale yellow on blood agar, poor growth on macconkey
Very resistant to B-lactams
Acinetobacter baumanii: disease?
oxidase pos or neg?
Treatment?
Low virulence but implicated in community acquired and nosocomial infections
oxidase neg (rare for non-fermentor to be oxidase neg)
increasing resistance but virulence is low
