Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATDCSMAN Year 1 > PSEC Year 1 > Flashcards

PSEC Year 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 Abiotic factors in Ecology

A

Any two from:
-Temp -Soils
-Relative humidity
-pH -Topography
-Salinity -Altitude
-Pollutants -Latitude
-Climate -Nutrient availability
-Geology -Stochastic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name two levels of organisation in ecology

A

Any two from:

Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 3 Biotic Factors that could influence an ecosystem

A

Any 3 from:
Competition
Predation
Herbivory
Pollination
Seed Dispersal
Reproduction
Care of offspring
Social Interactions
Paracitism
Disease
Mutualism (symbiosis)
Defences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the term ‘Niche’ in terms of ecology

A

The role and position a species has in its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an autotroph

A

An organism that is able to use external sources of energy (e.g sunlight) in the synthesis of their organic food materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are photosynthetic organisms and give an example.

A

Autotrophs that have special pigments that capture and convert light into usable chemical energy

e.g Algae, plants and certain prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Heterotrophic nutrition and name the four different types

A

Heterotrophic organisms must be supplied with ready made organic compounds from which they derive their energy

holozoic
saprotrophic
parasitic
mutualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define holozoic nutrition

A

Complex food taken into specialised digestive system – characteristic of free-living animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Saprotrophic nutrition

A

Where an organism feeds on dead organic remains of other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is parasitic nutrition

A

Where an organism obtains food from another living organism, called a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Mutualism

A

A form of symbiosis – Two organisms where both organisms derive a benefit from the relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Put these 5 stages of Holozoic nutrition in order:
Digestion
Assimilation
Egestion
Ingestion
Absorption

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define ingestion

A

Food taken into the body through the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define the term digestion

A

Food broken down by enzymes in the stomach, duodenum and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define the term absorption in terms of ecology

A

Smaller molecules taken into the bloodstream through duodenum and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define the term Assimilation

A

absorbed products are incorporated and used by the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Egestion

A

The undigested parts of food are dispensed through defaecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another name for saprotrphic organisms and give two examples

A

Decomosers

Fungi and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are parasites that live on the outside of the hosts body called

A

Ectoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are parasites that live inside the host called

A

Endoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what % of energy is carried over between trophic levels

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what % of energy is lost through respiration between trophic levels

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is gross primary productivity (GPP)

A

All the biomass generated by primary producers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

A

What is left over after the primary producers have used the energy for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the 10% rule limit

A

The number oftrophic levelsanecosystemcan support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Parasitism

A

is a relationship where one organism benefits whilst reducing the fitness of another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is parasitoidism

A

is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism dies (not necessarily immediately !)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is commensalism

A

a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits and the other is not negatively affected.

29
Q

what is a predator prey relationship?

A

a feeding relationship between two organisms (hunter and hunted).

30
Q

List 4 predator attributes

A

Any four from:
Teamwork
Camouflage
Patience/ immobility
Trapping
Strength
Lures/ deception
Stamina
Venom/poison
Sonar/Electromagnetism
Use of tools/ weaponry
Stealth
Speed

31
Q

Define the term population

A

all the individuals of a species that live together in an area

32
Q

What are the three key measures of population

A

Size
Density
Dispersion

33
Q

define fecundity

A

The Biological potential to have offspring dictated by the number of gametes

34
Q

define fertility

A

the actual rate of reproduction and births (Measurable)

35
Q

What are the three types of dispersion

A

clumped
even or uniform
random

36
Q

what are limiting factors and name two

A

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment.

Amount of Food
Amount of Water
Temperature
Amount of Suitable Habitat
Available Light

37
Q

Define density dependent factors

A

Factors that can affect a population that increase as the population density increases.

38
Q

name 2 density dependent factors

A

Disease
Parasitism
Prey Availability
Predation
Competition

39
Q

Define density independent factors

A

factors that control a population irrespective of population density

40
Q

List 2 density independent factors

A

Light
Nutrients
Climate
Seasonality
Natural Disasters

41
Q

what is a carrying capacity?

A

the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources

42
Q

List three qualities of r strategists

A

Short life span
Small body size
Reproduce quickly
Have many young
Little parental care

43
Q

give an example of an r strategist

A

Cockroaches, Weeds, Bacteria, House Flies

44
Q

what kind of environments do r strategists live in

A

unstable

45
Q

what kind of environment do K strategists live in?

A

Stable

46
Q

List three qualities of K strategists

A

long life span
large body size
reproduce slowly
have few young
provides parental care

47
Q

Give an example of a k strategist

A

humans, elephants

48
Q

What is a type I survivorship curve

A

organisms that have low mortality until late in life when aging takes its toll.

49
Q

Give an example of an organism with a type I survivorship curve

A

humans

50
Q

What is a type II survivorship curve

A

the chance of death is equal at all ages or those that suffer severe random mortality throughout life

51
Q

Give an example of a type II survivorship curve

A

Many songbirds

52
Q

What is a type III survivorship curve

A

very high mortality among the young but flattens out as those individuals who reach maturity survive for a relatively longer time

53
Q

Give an example of an organism with a type III survivorship curve

A

Small Mammals and Fish

(many r strategists)

54
Q

What are the 3 forms of competition

A

Interference Competition
Exploitation Competition
Apparent Competition

55
Q

what is a boom population cycle

A

Small population well below carrying capacity

Absence / low population of a predator / competitor
High Fecundity
Low Infant Mortality
High Food Availability
High quality, available habitat

56
Q

What is a bust population cycle

A

Population outstripping the carrying capacity – The environment is no longer able to support the large population

Increased intra-specific competition
Decreased food availability
Reduced fecundity
Reduction in habitat
Increased mortality (often severe)

57
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The classification and naming of living organisms in an ordered system

58
Q

What are the five kingdoms

A

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
Monera

59
Q

what is the genetic make up of of an organism called

A

A Genotype

60
Q

Define the term ‘Divergent evolution’

A

Divergence from a common ancestor. One species becomes many to fill the available niches

61
Q

give an example of divergent evolution

A

Darwins finched

62
Q

Define parallel evolution

A

organisms not closely related evolve similar adaptations as they live in similar environments or ecological niches

e.g Hedgehog/Echidna/Tenrec/Porcupine

63
Q

Define convergent evolution

A

Very distantly related organisms evolve similar traits (analogous structures) as a result of having a similar lifestyle. ​

e.g Birds (Aves), Mammals (Mammalia) and Reptiles (Reptilia) independently evolved the wing

64
Q

What is the difference between parallel and convergent evolution

A

convergent evolution occurs when descendants resemble each other more than their ancestors did with respect to some feature. Parallel evolution implies that two or more lineages have changed in similar ways, so that the evolved descendants are as similar to each other as their ancestors were

65
Q

What is Co-evolution

A

one species acts as a selective force on a second species, inducing adaptations that in turn act as selective force on the first species.​

66
Q

What did Mendel figure out

A

he basic principles of​ genetics.

He showed that offspring ​
received characteristics from both ​
parents, but only the dominant ​characteristic trait was expressed.

67
Q

What was darwins theory

A

Where food was limited, competition meant that only​
the fittest would survive.​

​
This would lead to the natural selection of the best adapted individuals and ​eventually the evolution of a new species.

68
Q

What was Alfred Russell-Wallace’s theory?

A

species evolve by adapting to their environment

69
Q

Name 3 reasons for global ecosystem change

A

any three from:
Over harvesting
Introduction of non native species
Habitat destruction
Fragmentation
Climate change
Any form of pollution

ATDCSMAN Year 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions