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Specialties > Pscyh > Flashcards

Pscyh Flashcards

1
Q

Illusion

A

Misinterpretation of a perception

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2
Q

Affect illusion

A

Perception interpreted according to mood

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3
Q

Completion illusion

A

Lack of attention causes perception to be misinterpreted

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4
Q

Pareidolic illusion

A

Shapes seen in other objects

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5
Q

Hallucination

A

Perceptions arising w/i the mind w/o any external stimulus

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6
Q

Extracampine hallucination

A

Occurs beyond normal range of sensation

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7
Q

Functional hallucination

A

Occurs when separate, unrelated stimulus in same sensory modality

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8
Q

Reflex hallucination

A

Occurs when separate, unrelated stimulus in different sensory modality

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9
Q

Hypnogogic hallucination

A

Occurs on going to sleep

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10
Q

Hypnapompic hallucination

A

Occurs on waking

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11
Q

Pseudo-hallucinations

A

Not perceived as external and pt has insight

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12
Q

Delusion

A

A false belief held despite proof to the contrary and out of keeping w/ pt social, cultural + educational background

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13
Q

Primary delusion

A

Occurs out of the blue

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14
Q

Secondary delusion

A

Arises from attempt to understand other mood or experience and is understandable w/i that context

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15
Q

Overvalued idea

A

Strongly held belief, which dominates life but not always culturally abnormal or illogical

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16
Q

Othello syndrome

A

Morbid jealousy (delusional), usually male thinks partner is cheating and can get aggressive

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17
Q

de Clerambault’s

A

F thinks famous male is secretly in love w/ them and sending them messages

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18
Q

Cotard’s syndrome

A

Nihilistic delusions - thinks internal organs have disappeared or rotted away

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19
Q

Ekbom’s

A

Delusional parasitosis (formication) NOT a hallucination

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20
Q

Fregoli’s

A

Delusional misidentification - believe strangers are people well known to them in disguise

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21
Q

Rett’s

A

X linked dom disorder seen only in girls

Causes severe Physical + LD

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22
Q

Charles Bonnet syndrome

A

Complex visual hallucination in the visually impaired

Insight retained

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23
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Overvalued idea NOT a delusion

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24
Q

Frotteurism

A

Touching or rubbing against someone for pleasure

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25
Q

Witmaack-Ekbom syndrome

A

Restless legs syndrome

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26
Q

Kleine-Levin syndrome

A

Distinct periods of hyperphagia and hypersomnia

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27
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

A

X linked disorder in uric acid metabolism
Causes uricaemia
Causes severe LD, striking self harm + chorea

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28
Q

Tourette’s

A

Verbal AND Motor tics

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29
Q

Tic disorder

A

Either verbal OR motor tics

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30
Q

Angelman’s

A

Inactivation of maternal Ch15

Causes severe LD, almost no language, ataxia, freq. laughter + highly excitable behaviour

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31
Q

PANDAS

A

Paediatric AI Neuropsych Disorders Assoc w/ Strep infection

Assoc w/ OCD and tics

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32
Q

VLOSLP

A

Very Late Onset Schizophrenia Like Psychosis

Partition Delusions common

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33
Q

Partition delusions

A

Non permeable objects become permeable e.g. walls to radiation

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34
Q

DLB Sx (classic triad)

A

Visual hallucinations
Fluctuating cognitive impairment
Parkinsonism
NB antipsychotic CI

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35
Q

Dementia vs depression in elederly

A

Insight rare in dementia

Worry about memory loss more likely in depression

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36
Q

Dx of depression (core feats)

A

Anergia
Anhedonia
Low mood
At least 1 must be present for at least 2 weeks

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37
Q

Bio feats fo depression (4)

A

Change in appetite and weight
Change in sleep pattern (early am wakening)
Loss of libido
Duirnal variation in mood (am worse)

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38
Q

Hebephrenic schizophrenia

A

Dominated by thought disorder + affective Sx
Social withdrawal
Childlike affect
-ve Sx early + poor prognosis

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39
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

Pyschomotor disturbance
Automatic obedience or negativism
Waxy flexibility
Echolalia

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40
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

Delusions + hallucinations

Thought disorder less common

41
Q

Residual

A

Late stage +ve Sx replaced by -ve Sx

42
Q

Simple

A

Insidious development of oddities of conduct, inability to meet demands of society and decreased performance
Usually no overt psychotic Sx

43
Q

1st rank Schizophrenia Sx

A 
Delusional perception
Running commentary
Audible thoughts
Voices arguing
Somatic passivity
Thought alienation (withdrawal, insertion or broadcasting)
44
Q

Psych feats of depression (incl Beck’s triad)

A 
Guilt
Hopelessness
Worthlessness
Helplessness
Suicidal ideation
45
Q

Delusional perception

A

normal perception interpreted w/ delusional meaning at time of event (1st rank)

46
Q

Delusional memory

A

Normal memory recalled and interpreted w/ delusional meaning

47
Q

PTSD Dx

A 
Sx must be present for >1 month
Exposure to life-threatening event
Re-experiencing
Avoidance
Increased arousal
Insomnia
Increased startle reflex
48
Q

Acute stress reaction

A

Disorientation and confusion

Subsides w/i hours or days

49
Q

Schizophrenia DSM4 characteristic Sx

A 
2 or more characteristic Sx for 1 month
Social or occupational dysfunction
Significant duration (6 months w/ at least 1 month of Sx)
50
Q

Schizophrenia DSM4 characteristic Sx

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disordered speech
Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
-ve Sx: blunted affect, social withdrawal, allege, avolition

51
Q

Schizophrenia ICD10 Dx

A

At least 1 1st rank or 2 other Sx for 1 month

52
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Autonomic instability, N+V, delirium, tremor +/- seizures
Usually starts 6-12h after last drink
Peaks at 24-48h

53
Q

Mx of delirium tremens

A

1st line: Oral Lorazepam
2nd line: IV Lorazepam, Haloperidol or Olanzapine
NB Give Thiamine (Pabrinex)

54
Q

Mx of other delirium

A

1st line: Conservative
2nd line: Haloperidol or Olanzapine
3rd line: Benzos

55
Q

Huntinton’s disease

A

CAG repeat on CH 4p
Cell loss in basal ganglia, substantia nigra + cerebellum
Sx: Choreoid + Athetoid movements, Dementia, Personality change

56
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

Person or object looks same but has lost familiarity

57
Q

Frontal Sx

A 
Inappropriate or fatuous affect
Lability + Irritability of mood
Hypersexuality
Hyperphagia
Childishness (Witzelsucht)
Poor concentration + forced utilisation
58
Q

Basal ganglia Sx

A

Motor disturbance
-ve Sx: slowing + lack of spontaneity
Obsessional Sx

59
Q

Limbic Sx

A

Amnesic syndrome

60
Q

Parietal Sx

A 
Visuo-spatial deficits eg agnosia
Dyspraxia
Dysphasia
Gerstmann's syndrome
If non dom lobe may cause body image disturbance or neglect
61
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome

A 
Parietal lobe Sx
L-R disorientation
Dyscalculia
Finger agnosia
Agraphia
62
Q

Occipital Sx

A

Complex visual disturbance

eg Anton’s syndrome

63
Q

Anton’s syndrome

A

Occipital lobe dysfunction

Cortical blindness w/o insight

64
Q

Tumour Sx: wall + floor of 3rd vent

A

Amnesia + confabulation
Hypersomnia + hyperphagia
Pyrexia + polydipsia
DI

65
Q

Tumour Sx: Cerebellum

A

Ataxia + nystagmus

Raised ICP

66
Q

Tumour Sx: Corpus Callosum

A

Profound psych disturbance

v rapid loss of higher function

67
Q

Tumour Sx: Pons

A

Headache
N+V
Diplopia
Drowsiness+Dysarrthria

68
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome

A

Pyrexia
EPSE (Tremor + rigidity)
Risk of rhabdomyolysis

69
Q

Mx of NMS

A

Immediately stop antipsychotic

IV fluid + antipyretics

70
Q

Acute dystonia Mx

A

Emergency

AntiCholinergic

71
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Similar to NMS but NO rigidity

72
Q

Clozapine SEs

A

Weight gain
DM
Agranulocytosis
AntiACh (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth)

73
Q

Olanzapine SEs

A

Weight gain
DM
AntiACh (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth)

74
Q

Aripiprazole SEs

A

Less weight gain than others
Less EPSE
Anti ACh
N+V + Insomnia

75
Q

Risperidone SEs

A

Prolactin release

HoTN

76
Q

Amisulpiride SEs

A

Prolactin release

QT prolongation

77
Q

Haloperidol SEs

A

EPSE + acute dystonia

78
Q

ESPE

A

Dystonia
Parkinsonism (rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor)
Tardive dyskinesia

79
Q

SSRI SEs

A

N+D
Agitation
Insomnia
Anorgasmia

80
Q

Chlorpromazine SEs

A

Obstructive Jaundice
Prolactin release
AntiACh

81
Q

Quetiapine SEs

A

Tachycardia

Anti ACh

82
Q

SSRI Egs

A 
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine
Citalopram (delayed ejaculation+anorgasmia)
Escitalopram
Sertraline
83
Q

TCA SEs

A 
Sedation
Anti ACh
Postural HoTN
Seizures
ED
Ventricular dysrhythmias in overdose
84
Q

TCA Egs

A

Imipramine
Desipramine
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine

85
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI

SE as SSRIs + withdrawal effects

86
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI
Fewer SEs than venlafaxine
Sedation, dizziness, sexual dysfunction

87
Q

NARIs

A

Burpropion
Maprotiline
Reboxetine
All AntiACh

88
Q

MOAR antag

A 
Mirtazepine
Trazodone (HoTN, dysrhythmia, priapism)
89
Q

MOAi

A

Phenelzine
Trancypromine
Isocarboxazid
Moclobemide

90
Q

Li SEs

A 
N+V+D
Tremor
Polyuria
HoTy
Weight gain
Hair loss
91
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Used as mood stabiliser to prevent + Tx Mania

92
Q

Carbamazepine + Valproate

A

Used as mood stabiliser to Tx Mania

93
Q

5 factors in personality

A 
OCEAN
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion/Intraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
94
Q

ICD10 PD Dx

A

Inflexible, maladaptive + dysfunctional behaviour
Pervasive across all situations
Manifest in >1 of Cognition, Affectivity, Control over impulses + Manner of relating to others
Must be distress to individual or social environment
Arise during late childhood/adolescence
Stable + of long duration
No organic cause

95
Q

ADHD Dx

A

Excessive motor activity
Inattention
Occurring in >1 setting for at least 6/12

96
Q

Narcolepsy (classic tetrad)

A

Periods of sudden deep sleep
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Hypnagogic hallucinations

97
Q

Tx of OCD

A

SSRIs
Clomipramine (TCA)
Psych: exposure + response prevention

98
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Crave attention
Preoccupied w/ appearance
Inappropriately flirtatious

99
Q

Emotionally unstable PD

A

Disturbed views of self-image
Feelings of emptiness
Intense but easily broken relationships
Self-harm (often to avoid abandonment)

Impulsve type -> lack of self control + violent outbursts

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