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PSA Exam > PSA_Abreviated > Flashcards

PSA_Abreviated Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs to avoid in renal failure (eGFR <30)?

A

Key: NSAIDs, ACEi (& ARBs)

Other:

  • Abx: tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, aminoglycosides
  • Allopurinol (accumulates in renal dysfunction)
  • Lithium
  • Metformin
  • IV contrast

Drugs harmful in AKI = CANDA: Contrast (keep very hydrated), Aminoglycosides (Gent), NSAIDs, Diuretics, ACEi

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2
Q

Enzyme inducers/inhibitors affect what drugs? Which drugs are enzyme inducers and inhibitors?

A

Affected drugs: Warfarin, COCP, steroids, statins

Enzyme inducers (decrease efficacy): CRAPS

  • Carbamazepine
  • Rifampicin
  • bArbituates (amobarbital & alcohol chronically)
  • Phenytoin (for epilepsy)
  • St John’s wort (& sulphonylureas - gliclazide, tolbutamide)

Enzyme inhibitors (potentiate effects): GO DEVICES

  • Grapefruit juice
  • Omeprazole
  • Disulfiram (support alcohol abstinence)
  • Erythromycin
  • Valproate
  • Isoniazid
  • Ciprofloxacin (& Cimetidine)
  • Ethanol (acutely)
  • Sulphonamides (trimpethoprim, sulfasalzine)
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3
Q

C/I drugs in chronic HF?

A

CCB (verapamil), antiarrhythmics (amiodarone is the safest), TCAs, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

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4
Q

C/I drugs in heart block?

A

Beta-blockers, digoxin, verapamil

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5
Q

Drugs associated with hyponatremia?

A

DACC: Diuretics, Antidepressants, Chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), Carbamazepine (anti-convulsant)

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6
Q

Drugs associated with hyperkalaemia?

A

K ABCD HTN:

  • K+ sparing diuretics
  • ACEi/ARB, B-blockers (if renal dusfunct/insulin def), Calcineurin inh (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus), Digoxin overdose
  • Heparins, Trimethoprim, NSAIDs
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7
Q

Drugs associated with hypokalaemia?

A

Salbutamol, insulin, diuretics (except K+ sparing)

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8
Q

Drugs associated with hypercalcaemia?

A

thiazide diuretics

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9
Q

Drugs associated with hypocalcaemia?

A

loop diuretics, bisphosphonates

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10
Q

What drug is photosensitivity associated with?

A

Tetracyclines

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11
Q

Drugs commonly causing constipation?

A

Opioids (codeine, tramadol)

Anticholinergics (block acetylcysteine - neurotransmitter):

  • TCAs e.g. amitryptiline
  • Antihistamines e.g. chlorphenamine/cetirizine
  • Antiparkinsonian e.g. levodopa
  • Neuroleptics (antipsychotics) e.g. olanzapine, risperidone, chlozapine
  • Bladder instability e.g. oxybutynin
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12
Q

Drugs commonly causing confusion?

A

Anticholinergic drugs (TCAs, antihistamines, antiparkinsonian, antipsychotics, bladder instability)

Opioids, Benzos (diazepam)

Glucocorticoids (e.g. pred) esp. in elderly

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13
Q

Drugs commonly causing diarrhoea?

A

Antibiotics

Metformin

PPIs, Bisphosphonates

SSRIs (citalopram, sertraline), lithium

Colchicine, mg-containing drugs,

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14
Q

Drugs commonly causing dyspepsia?

A

Anti-inflammatory meds (aspirin, ibuprofen, celecoxib)

Bisphosphonates (alendronate)

Corticosteroids (pred)

Macrolides (clari)

Metformin

Theophylline

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15
Q

Drugs commonly causing falls/dizziness?

A

anti-HTN

CNS suppressants (opioids, benzos, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics)

Diuretics (furosemide)

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16
Q

Drugs that commonly cause hearing loss?

A

Aminoglycosides (gent, cisplatin)

Loop diuretics (furosemide)

Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (tadalafil) - used for pul HTN

17
Q

Drugs that commonly cause tremor?

A

B-2-agonist (salbutamol)

Levothyroxine, Lithium

Cyclosporin

Nicotine

18
Q

NSAID important adverse drug reactions?

A

Gastrotoxicity

Renal impairment

HTN

19
Q

Loop diuretics important adverse drug reactions?

A

e.g. furosemide

Dehydration

Renal impairment

Hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia

20
Q

Opioid important adverse drug reactions?

A

e.g. morphine

Constipation

Confusion

Drowsiness

Urinary retention

21
Q

What drugs can cause hyperglycaemia?

A

β-blockers, thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids (e.g. pred)

STuD PRANC AB

  • STeroids (CS, OCP), Diuretics (thiazides, loop)
  • PRotease inhibitors (end in ‘vir’ e.g. Ritonavir), ANti-psychotics/epileptics (e.g. phenytoin), Calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus)
  • Adrenaline, Beta-blockers (don’t cause hyperglycaemia but delay recovery in T1DM & blunt Sx perception)
22
Q

Drugs commonly causing oedema e.g. ankle swelling?

A

CCB e.g. amlodipine

NSAIDs e.g. naproxen

Pioglitazone (DM drug)

Hormones e.g. CS (pred), oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

Beta-blockers

23
Q

Drugs commonly causing oedema e.g. ankle swelling?

A

CCB e.g. amlodipine

NSAIDs e.g. naproxen

Pioglitazone (DM drug)

Hormones e.g. CS (pred), oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

Beta-blockers

24
Q

Drugs causing urinary retention

A

Opioids, Benzos, Anticholinergics

NSAIDs, CCB

GA, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists

Alcohol

PSA Exam (2 decks)

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