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PSA > PSA useful knowledge > Flashcards

PSA useful knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Antiemetic to use in heart failure

A

Metoclopramide

Cyclizine is contraindicated as it can worsen fluid retention

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2
Q

Antiemetic to use in Parkinson’s disease:

A

Domperidone as it does not cros blood brain barrier.

Metoclopramide contraindicated.

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3
Q

Metoclopramide contraindications:

A

Parkinson’s, bowel obstruction

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4
Q

Aminophylline blood monitoring:

A

18 hours after commencing treatment.

Theophylline level should be 10-20mg/L

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5
Q

Target INR on day of surgery:

A

≤ 1.5

If higher then 1-5mg PO vit K

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6
Q

Neuropathic pain ladder

A
  • Paracetamol
  • Gabapentin
  • Pregbalin
  • Amitriptiline
  • Duloxetine
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7
Q

Which analgesic needs to be avoided with an SSRI?

A

Tramadol: causes serotonin syndrome

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8
Q

Which medications need to be continued on day of surgery?

A

Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers

Increase dose of corticosteroids

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9
Q

When should the following drugs be stopped prior to surgery?

Aspirin

COCP/HRT

K sparing diuretics/ACE inhibitors

A
  • Aspirin: 7 days
  • COCP/HRT: 4 weeks
  • K sparing diuretics/ACE inhibitors: stop on day of surgery
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10
Q

How should you prepare a patient with renal impairment for CT contrast?

A

Give IV saline

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11
Q

What level of rise in creatinine is acceptable after starting an ACE inhibitor?

A

A rise within 20% is acceptable.

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12
Q

T2DM - when shoul gliclazide be used over metformin?

A
  • Normal/underweight
  • Cretinine > 150
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13
Q

Treatment of ulcerative colitis flare

A
  • Severe (≥6 bowel movements and systemically unwell): IV hydrocortisone and fast fluids
  • Mild: oral prednisolone 30mg/24 hours
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14
Q

Warfarin - analgesia to avoid?

A

Ibuprofen

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15
Q

COCP - missed 1 pill

A

Take missed pill and continue. No additional contraception required.

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16
Q

COCP - missed 2 pills

A

Take 1 missed pill. Use a barrier method of contraception for 7 days.

17
Q

Progesterone only pill - missed 1 pill

A

Missed pill if >3 hours or >12 hours if desogestrel pill

Take missed pill and use 3 days additional contraception.

18
Q

HRT - no uterus

A

Oestrogen only (with mirena coil)

19
Q

HRT - in a perimenopausal woman with a uterus:

A

Oestrogen with cyclical progestogen for the last 12 to 14 days of the cycle

20
Q

HRT - in a post menopausal woman with a uterus

A

Continuous combined oestrogen and progesterone

21
Q

Maintainance fluids: volume required per day?

A

25-30ml/Kg/day

22
Q

Maximum rate of potassium infusion?

A

10mmol/hr

23
Q

KCl and NaCl requirements per day

A

1 mmol/kg/day

24
Q

Different types of laxatives

A
  • Bulk forming
  • Osmotic
  • Stimuant
  • Stool softener
25
Q

Osmotic laxatives example, mechanism and contraindication

A

Lactulose

Increases water in bowel

Contrandiction: bloating

26
Q

Stimulant laxative example and contraindication

A

Senna

Contraindication: bowel obstruction, cramps

27
Q

Stool softener example and contraindications

A

Docusate

Contraindicated in already soft stool

28
Q

Hyperkalaemia treatment

A
  • IV calcium gluconate
  • 10 units actrapid
  • 100ml of 20% IV dextrose
  • Nebulised salbutamol
29
Q

Care of dying treatment

A
  • Secretions: hyoscine butylbromide 60mg/24 hours
  • Agitation: midazolm 10-20mg/24 hours
  • Pain: morphine 10mg/24 hours if new
  • Nausea: cyclizine 150mg/24 hours
30
Q

Which electrolyte abnormality can heparins cause?

A

Hyperkalaemia

31
Q

Vancomycin/gentamycin side effects

A

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

32
Q

Amiodarone side effects

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Thyroid dysfuction
  • Grey skin
33
Q

Treatment for extrapyramidal side effects: dyskinesia/parkinsonism caused by antipsychotics and metoclopramide

A

Procyclidine

34
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms and most likely drug causes

A

Fever, muscular rigidity, confusion and autonomic dysfunction. Raisd CK.

Antipsychotics.

35
Q

Anticholinergic excess symptoms and liklely causes

A

Mad, red, dry, blind.

Amitriptyline, paroxetine, antimuscarinics, antipsychotics (clozapine).

36
Q

Serotonin syndrome symptoms and causes

A

Made, red, wet, dilated pupils.

SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, lithium, metoclopramide, most opioids.

37
Q

Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Lactulose

PSA (2 decks)

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