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Pharmacology > PSA Revision > Flashcards

PSA Revision Flashcards

1
Q

NSAID contraindications

A

Asthma
Renal Impairment
GI bleed/ulcer Hx

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2
Q

Parkinson’s contraindications

A

Metoclopramide and Haloperidol

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3
Q

Aspirin and Children

A

Should not be used in <3y due to Reyes syndrome

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4
Q

Asthma Drug CIs

A

NSAIDs

BBs

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5
Q

Renal Impairment drugs - Peri-Operative Prescribing

A

Gentamicin
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs

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6
Q

Pre- Surgery - When to hold ACEi

A

1 day before

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7
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to hold Metformin

A

2 days before and 2 days after surgery

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8
Q

Pre-Surgery - NSAIDs

A

Limit use pre and post operative

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9
Q

Pre-Surgery - Gentamicin

A

AVOID completely if possible

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10
Q

Bleeding drugs - Peri-Operative Prescribing

A

Clopidogrel

DOAC/Warfarin

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11
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to hold Clopidogrel

A

7 days before

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12
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to stop Warfarin/DOAC

A

Warfarin = stop 5 days before

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13
Q

Bleeding risk drug which is safe to continue throughout surgery

A

Aspirin

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14
Q

VTE Prophylaxis

A

SC 5000U Dalteparin

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15
Q

VTE Prophylaxis <50kg or renal impairment

A

SC 2500U Dalteparin

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16
Q

Paracetamol prescription

A

1g QDS (max 4g/day)

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17
Q

Paracetamol prescription if <50kg or liver dysfunction

A

500mg QDS (max 2g/day)

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18
Q

NSAID prescription

A

Ibuprofen 400mg TDS

Naproxen 250mg QDS

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19
Q

Morphine and renal impairment

A

Morphine is renally excreted.

AVOID in renal impairment.

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20
Q

Morphine alternative in renal impairment

A

Oxycodone

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21
Q

Oral morphine (Oramorph) -> Oxycodone

A

Divide by 2

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22
Q

PRN dose of morphine calculation

A

Divide total daily dose of morphine by 6

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23
Q

Morphine side effects

A

Itch
Nausea
Constipation
Drowsinesss

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24
Q

Anticholinergic drugs to avoid prescribing together in elderly

A 
Antidepressants 
Antiemetics 
Antipsychotics 
Antihistamines 
BZDs
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25
Q

Drugs which can cause confusion and falls

A

Anticholinergic Drugs
Zopliclone, BZDs
Steroids
Anti-hypertensives (Diuretics)

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26
Q

HYPONATREMIA

Salt Can Displace Tequila Oh!

A 
SSRIs 
Carbamazepine 
Diuretics 
Trimethoprim 
Omeprazole
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27
Q

Causes of low salt and dehydration

A

Diarrhoea/Vomiting

Diuretics

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28
Q

Causes of low salt and euvolaemia

A

Hypothyroidism
Addison’s
SIADH

Drugs:
Omeprazole
Carbamazepine
Citalopram (SSRI)

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29
Q

Causes of low salt and excess fluid

A

Liver failure
Renal failure
Heart failure

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30
Q

HYPERKALAEMIA

Tequila Always Makes Nurses Smile

A 
Trimethoprim
ACEis/ARBs
Mefenamic Acid/Metformin 
NSAIDs
Spironolactone

Gentamicin

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31
Q

Angiotensin II

A
  • > Aldosterone release from Zona Glomerulosa in adrenal cortex
  • > DCT = sodium reabsorption, potassium excretion.
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32
Q

Hypocalcaemia drugs

A

Loop diuretics
Bisphosphonates
Phenytoin

33
Q

Hypercalcaemia drugs

A

Thiazide diuretics

34
Q

Hyperglycaemia Drugs

A 
Steroids 
Olanzapine 
Tacrolimus 
BBs 
Thiazide Diuretics
35
Q

Normal male QTc

A

<440

36
Q

Normal female QTc

A

<470

37
Q

Prolonged QT interval - drugs which affect neurotransmitters

A

Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Antiemetics

38
Q

Prolonged QT interval - drugs which affect cardiac conduction

A

BBs

Sodium channel blockers e.g. flecainide

Potassium channel blockers e.g. amiodarone

39
Q

Prolonged QT interval - Abx

A

Ciprofloxacin

Erythromycin

40
Q

Low INR

A

Clotting

41
Q

High INR

A

Bleeding

42
Q

ACEi ADRs

A

Dry cough
Renal Failure
Hyperkalaemia
Postural hypotension

43
Q

BBs ADRs

A

Erectile Dysfunction
Bradycardia
Fatigue
Cold extremities

44
Q

CCBs ADRs

A

Flushing
Headache
Ankle swelling

45
Q

Spironolactone ADRs

A

Hyperkalaemia

Gynaecomastia

46
Q

PHenytoin ADRs

A

Gum hypertrophy

Hirsutism

47
Q

Carbamazepine ADRs

A

Rash
Dry mouth
Hyponatremia

48
Q

Sodium Valproate ADRs

A

Teratogenic
Tremor
Weight gain

49
Q

Lamotrogine ADRs

A

Rash (SJS)

Induces CP450

50
Q

SSRIs ADRs

A

Sick (nausea)
SIADH (hyponatremia)
Reduced libido
Insomnia

51
Q

TCAs ADRs

A

Anticholinergic (confusion, agitation)

52
Q

MAOi ADRs

A

HTN
Jaundice
Hyperthermia

53
Q

Sulfasalazine ADRs

A

Myelosuppression

Oligospermia
Rash

Renal failure
Hepatitis

54
Q

Gold ADRs

A

GN
Myelosuppression
Erythroderma
Thrombocytopenia

55
Q

Pencillamine ADRs

A

GN
Myasthenia
Lupus
Taste disturbance

56
Q

Chloroquine ADRs

A

Retinopathy

Tinnitus

57
Q

Methotrexate ADRs

A

Myelosuppression
Hepatotoxicity
Pneumonitis

58
Q

Anti-TNF ADRs

A

Reactivation of TB infection

59
Q

Cyclophosphamide ADRs

A

Haemorrhagic Cystitis

60
Q

Azathioprine ADRs

A

Myelosuppression

61
Q

Cyclosporin ADRs

A 
Tremor 
Nephritis
Hirsutism
Gum hyperplasia 
Burning hands/feet
62
Q

Typical Antipsychotics e.g. Haloperidol

ADRs

A

Dystonic reactions

QTc prolongation

63
Q

Atypical Antipyschotics e.g. Olanzapine, Risperidone

ADRs

A

Metabolic syndrome

64
Q

Amiodarone ADRs

A 
Thryoiditis 
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Slate grey skin 
Metallic taste 
Hepatitis

Peripheral neuropathy
Myopathy

65
Q

Adenosine ADRs

A

Flushing

Sense of impending doom

66
Q

Lithium (Overdose)

A

Hypothyroidism
Nephrongenic DI

Nausea/diarrhoea

Tremor 
Ataxia 
Dysarthria
Coma 
Convulsions
67
Q

Gentamicin ADRs

A

Renal Failure

Tinnitus

68
Q

C.Diff Risk Abx

A 
Clindamycin
Clarithromycin
Co-amoxiclav 
Ciprofloxacin 
Cephalosporins
69
Q

Statins and Macrolides/Grapefruit

A

= Myopathy

70
Q

NSAIDs and ACEi

A

= AKI

71
Q

ACEi and Spironolactone

A

= Hyperkalaemia

72
Q

Major Bleeding management

A

Stop Warfarin
Vitamin K
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

73
Q

INR >8 and Minor Bleed management

A

Stop Warfarin
Vitamin K
Give further Vitamin K if INR high after 24 hrs

Restart Warfarin when INR >5

74
Q

INR 5-8 and Minor Bleed

A

Stop Warfarin
Vitamin K
Restart Warfarin when INR <5

75
Q

INR 5-8 and No bleed

A

Withhold 1 or 2 doses

Reduce subsequent maintenance dose

76
Q

When to measure peak drug

A

To measure effectiveness

Time taken varies

77
Q

When to measure trough drug

A

To avoid toxicity

Taken pre dose

78
Q

Hyperkalaemia causes - DREAD

A 
Drugs - Tequila Always Makes Nurses Smile  
Renal Failure
Endocrine (Addison's) 
Artefact (Haemolysed Sample) 
DKA
79
Q

Hypokalaemia causes - DIRE

A

Drugs - Don’t Cut Banana’s
Inadequate intake/loss
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Endocrine (Cushing’s, Conn’s)

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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