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Y6 MMK flashcard > PSA Revision > Flashcards

PSA Revision Flashcards

1
Q

How long can you take lymecycline?

A

3 months

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2
Q

common SE to communicate lymecycline

A

Photosensitivity

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3
Q

SE for oestradiol

A

GI discomfort and weight changes

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4
Q

SE of opiods

A
  • vomiting ( always give anti-emetics)
  • euphoria
  • pruiritis + sweating ( on withdrawal)
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5
Q

what to give for haemorrhoids?

A

ispaghula husk

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6
Q

vaccination during pregnancy?

A

Annual flu and whooping cough

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7
Q

important measure option to monitor dehydration

A

urine output

100kg = 50 ml per hour
70 kg = 25ml per hour

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8
Q

what to remember about thyroxine drug change?

A

change in increments, usually 25mg

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9
Q

What are the 2 fluids type qs and what to give ?

A
  1. Do i need to give resus fluids ( dry and needs fluid)
  • 500 ml of crystalloid (0.9% sodium chloride) over 15 miniutes regardless of presence of HF.
  1. maintanence fluids - some reason they cannot drink (elective surgery) or have had a stroke
  • over 8-10hours contains sodium, potassium and (dextrose)
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9
Q

what does 1 part drug to 4 parts solution mean?

A

Solution is a 1:5 dilution

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9
Q

what does equal volume of sodium chloride mean?

A

Means 1:2 dilution.

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10
Q

what does 10 to 90 parts mean?

A

1:10

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11
Q

what can we usually deprescribe in elderly people?

A
  1. bisphosphonates and statins
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12
Q

what to do for patients on carbimazole?

A

keep on carbimazole until euthyroid

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13
Q

How many ng in 1 mcg
how many mcg in 1 mg
how many mg in one g

A

1000 nanograms (ng) = 1 microgram (mcg)
1000 micrograms (mcg) = 1 milligram (mg)
1000 milligrams (mg) = 1 gram (g)

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

what is the equation for volume?

A

volume = dose/concentration

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16
Q

what is the equation for rate?

A

rate (volume-per-time) = dose-per-time/concentration
rate = dose/time

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17
Q

what does % w/v refer to and 1:1000 mean

A

% w/v refers to g in ml e.g. 1% cream means 1g in 100ml (1g/100ml concentration)
1:1000 refers to g in ml e.g. 1:1000 solution means 1g in 1000ml (1g/1000ml concentration)

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18
Q

what is emergency resus?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% solution, 500ml over 15m

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19
Q

how to treat emergency hypercalcaemia?

A

sodium chloride 0.9%, 1000ml over 4h

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20
Q

what are some signs requiring fluid resus?

A

Hypotension, tachycardia, reduced capillary refill or other evidence of hypovolaemia

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20
Q

what is the treatment for emergency hypoglycaemia?

A

glucose 20%, 100ml over 15m

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21
Q

how to treat emergency hypokalaemia?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% / potassium chloride 0.3% solution, 1000ml over 4h

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22
Q

Give an example of a maintanence fluid for the first bag and then the second bag

A

first bag: sodium chloride 0.9% / potassium chloride 0.3%, 1000ml over 8-12h

second bag: Glucose 5% / potassium chloride 0.15% 1000ml 8-12h

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23
Q

if pt is losing sodium and potassium quickly how would you change fluid mx

A

sodium chloride 0.9% / potassium chloride 0.3%, 1000ml over 4-6h

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24
Q

what is the rate for maintanence vs maintanence + replacement?

A
  • Maintenance only – aim 1000ml over 8-12h
  • Maintenance and replacement – aim 1000ml over 4-6h
25
Q

what anti-hypertensive should you give for someone with diabetes or diabetes and black?

A

always ACEi
or ARB

26
Q

How mg do you give for statins if they have CVS RF?
And how about if they had a stroke?

A

20mg instead of 10mg
or 80mg if they had a stroke.

27
Q

what is the treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation?

A

O2, salbutamol 5mg,
ipratropium 500mcg,
hydrocortisone 100mg,
magnesium sulphate 1.2-2mg, aminophylline,

prednisolone 40-50mg PO once daily 5d

28
Q

How to treat COPD exacerbation?

A

salbutamol + ipatropium nebs + prednisolone 30mg PO OD

29
Q

what VTE prophylaxis do we give usually and when should this be considered carefully?

A

LMWH
Give unfractionated heparin in renal failure

30
Q

summarise treatment for anticoagulation?

A

Treatment dose
Apixaban or rivaroxaban

Prophylactic dose
LMWH (dalteparin, enoxaparin or tinzaparin) unless renal failure then unfractioned heparin

30
Q

what is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?

A

Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia

31
Q

what is the treatment for hypocalcaemia vs hypercalcaemia?

A

Hypocalcaemia: calcium gluconate 10%, 10ml over 10m
Hypercalcaemia: 0.9% sodium chloride, 1000ml over 4h

32
Q

how to treat hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia

A

Hypokalaemia: 0.3% potassium chloride, 1000ml over 4h
Hyperkalaemia: calcium gluconate 10% 30ml IV over 10m

33
Q

what are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

CATs go numb:
Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, Numbness also Trousseau’s sign and Chvostek’s sign

ECG - QT prolongation

34
Q

For HRT
1. who do you give cyclical vs continous
2. oestrogen + progesterone or oestrogen only

A
  1. cyclical if LMP <12months
  2. progesterone if intact uterus
35
Q

What are the risks of HRT?

A

Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, VTE (stop 4-6 weeks before surgery), stroke, CAD

36
Q

What is the treatment for the different HRT?

A

1. Uterus intact + LMP <12mo – oral sequential combined oestrogen + progestogen (Elleste-Duet 1mg or 2mg) or patch sequential combined oestrogen + progestogen (Evorel Sequi)
#1 estradiol with norethisterone
2. Uterus intact + LMP >12mo – oral continuous combined oestrogen + progestogen (Elleste-Duet Conti), patch continuous combined oestrogen + progestogen (Evorel Conti), tibolone
3. Post-hysterectomy – oral or patch oestrogen (Elleste-Solo) or tibolone
#1 estradiol
Post-menopausal osteoporosis – alendronic acid or risedronate sodium
Vasomotor symptoms in someone that can’t take HRT – clonidine
Menopausal atrophic vaginitis – topic vaginal oestrogen (pessary or ring)

37
Q

what to use for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

carbamazepine

38
Q

what is the treatment for migraine acutely and preventative?

A

Acute treatment: no aura = aspirin or ibuprofen, aura = sumatriptan
Prevention: propranolol

39
Q

what anti-emetic do you give in the following scenario:
1. Vertigo/motion sickness/vestibular disorders
2. Post-operatively
3. Palliative care
4. chemotherapy induced, acute or delayed
5. parkinsons
6. hyperemesis gravidarum

A
  1. Vertigo/motion sickness/vestibular disorders - cyclizine
  2. Post-operatively – ondansetron
  3. Palliative care – cyclizine, haloperidol, levopromazine
  4. Chemotherapy induced
    Acute – ondansetron
  5. Delayed – metoclopramide
  6. Parkinson’s disease – domperidone
  7. Hyperemesis gravidarum – promethazine
40
Q

when do you stop different anticoagulants?

A

DOAC (48h)
Clopidogrel (7d)
Warfarin( briding plan)

41
Q

what medications are prescribed in micograms

A

levothyroxine and digoxin

42
Q

what medications are usually weekly

A

methotrexate and alendronate weekly (70mg) or alendronate (10mg) daily

43
Q

when do you take statins?

A

nightly

44
Q

when to take prednisolone

A

in the morning

44
Q

what can cause oral candidiasis and what is the tx?

A

-antiobiotics
-steroids
-immunosupressants

Tx: nystatin drops

45
Q

what type of diabetic drugs cause euglycaemic ketosis?
When to hold it off and what is it associated with?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors
Hold off during illness
Ass with fournier’s gangrene

46
Q

Remember with methotrexate

A

take methotrexate and folic acid!

47
Q

What caution with clozapine?

A
  • should not stop abruptly
48
Q

what caution with warfarin?

A

if he has blood in his urine he should seek medical attention. same with DOAC too

49
Q

Important safety information for isoretinoin?

A

Using 2 forms of contraception

50
Q

what to do for morphine overdose?

A

give IV naloxone and and put non-rebreathe 15L o2 (if respiratory distress)

51
Q

what is the reversal for benzos

A

Flumenazil

52
Q

important SE for ciprofloxacin

A

tendonitis and tendon rupture - stop immediately

53
Q

what to monitor on children who take steroids?

A

Height and Weight

53
Q

what can happen in metaclopramide?

A

can cause acute dystonic reaction and give procyclidine
oculocrisis

53
Q

What drugs to avoid in parkinsons?

A

metaclopramide and olanzapine

54
Q

most common drug that impairs hepatic function?

A

statins

54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A

Y6 MMK flashcard (10 decks)

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