PSA revision Flashcards

1
Q

aName some enzyme inducers

A

PC BRAS:

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Sulphonylureas

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2
Q

Name some enzyme inhibitors

A

AO DEVICES

Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
ethanol
Sulphonamides

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3
Q

What medications are most likely to cause delirium

A

BDZs
Zopiclone
Opioids
Anticholinergics
Pregabalin
]Antipsychotics
Metoclopramide
Thiazide diruetics
Diuretics

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4
Q

What defines insensible water loss

A

500-800ml

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5
Q

What is the daily water requirement in an adult

A

25-30ml/kg/day of water

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6
Q

How much sodium and potassium is required per kg/day

A

1mmol

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7
Q

What are crystalloid fluids

A

Soultion of mineral salts

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8
Q

How can we measure for hydration status

A

Weight

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9
Q

Name a hypertonic solution

A

Mannitol (draws fluid out of cells)

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10
Q

What is the first line IV fluid therapy for [atients who are dehydrated

A

0.9% Sodium Chloride 500ml over less than 15 minutes

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11
Q

What is the second line IV fluid therapy for patients who are dehydrated

A

Human Albumin Solutino (colloid solution)

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12
Q

What is the minimum urine output to aim for in fluid resuscitation

A

0/5 ml/kg/day

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13
Q

If a patient loses 1500 ml of blood, what is the equivalent volume replacement with a colloid

A

1500 ml

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14
Q

What are enteric coating drugs

A

Protects the drug from the stomach lining as it needs absorbing in the small intestines

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15
Q

When should your variable rate insulin be stopped

A

Around 30-60 minutes after a meal

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16
Q

At what eGFR is nitrofurantoin contraindicated

A

<45

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17
Q

What antibiottic can cause heaptic jaundice

A

Clarithromycin

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18
Q

By how much do we increase someone’s insulin dose

A

By 10-20%

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19
Q

1mg = how many mL?

A

10mL

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20
Q

How often do Digoxin levels need to be checked

A

Every 6 hours

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21
Q

What side effect should be looked out for in a patient just started on warfarin

A

Easy bruising

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22
Q

If the INR is greater than 8 with minor bleeding, how should warfarin doses be managed

A

Stop warfarin and give phytomenadione by slow IV injection

23
Q

When should warfarin doses be witheld

A

When INR is 5-8 and there is no bleeding

If there is bleeding, you must give phytomenadione

24
Q

Under what BNF guidelines can infor on heparin be found

A

Parenteral anticoagulants

25
Q

Under what BNF guidelines can info on Paracetamol overdoses be found

A

Poisoning emergency treatment

26
Q

Under what BNF guidelines can infor on steroid conversion be found

A

Glucocorticoid therapy

27
Q

Where can the vaccine schedule be found

A

Immunisation shcedule

28
Q

What is the limit at which Iv potassium can be given

A

10 mmol/hour (nothing more)

29
Q

In what two people should metoclopramide not be given in

A

Parkinson’s
Young Women

30
Q

What first line anti emetic is given for almost all cases

A

Cyclizine

31
Q

How fast should fluids be given

A

if 2L a day: 24/2 = 12 hourly

if 3L a dau: 24/3 = 8 hourrly

32
Q

If Genamicin concentration falls in the 36 hour area, what should be done

A

The dose should be given every 36 hours

33
Q

If the gentamicin dose rests above the 48 hour area, what should be done

A

Repeat Gentamicin level and only re-dose once concentration is less than 1 mg/L

34
Q

First line management of a supra ventricular tachycardia (narrow complex)

A

Vagal manoeuvres

35
Q

If vagal manœuvrés fail to stop supraventricular tachycardies, what should be done next

A

IV Adenosine (6mg)

Third line: 12mg

Fourth Line: 18 mg

Last line: Cardioversion

36
Q

First line management of broad complex tachycardia (>0.12 s)

A

Amiodarone

37
Q

Management of AF In the presence of heart failure

A

Digoxin

38
Q

Management of anaphylaxis

A

500mcg 1:1000 FIRST

Then give chlorphenamine and Hydrocortisone IV

39
Q

what is the CURB-65 score and what do the scores indicate

A

Confusion
Urea > 7
RR > 30
BP <90mmHg systolic

65 +

1 = At home treatment

2 = oral or IV antibiotics in the hospital

3 = ITU

40
Q

What should be given if PT/aPTT is over 1.5 times the normal range

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma

41
Q

What CHADSVASC score indicates anti platelet use in men

A

1

42
Q

What CHADSVASc score indicates a need for use in women

A

2

43
Q

Management of AF <48 hours onset

A

Cardioversion with flecanide

AMiodarone if structural heart disease is present

44
Q

Management of AF > 48 hours

A

Rate control mono therapy

45
Q

At what Hba1c level should diabetic management be intensified

A

If levels remain over 58 mmol/mol

46
Q

First line management of COPD

A

SABA or SAMA

47
Q

Second line management of COPD

A

LABA + LAMA

48
Q

Third line management of COPD

A

LABA + LAMA + ICS

49
Q

Management of Crohn’s disease flare

A

Prednisolone

50
Q

How do we retain remission in crohn’s

A

Azathioprine

51
Q

What drug is contraindicated for use with the COCP

A

Carbamazepine (enzyme inducer)

52
Q

If a diabetic patient’s glucose levels are raised in the evening, what insulin at what time of the day needs adjusting?

A

The morning dose

53
Q

Why would we pick Glucose 5% solution over 0.9% NaCl?

A

If the patient has received his daily intake of sodium and chloride from NaCl, better to use 5% glucose with 0.3% KCL (if daily intake has not been reached yet)