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PSA > PSA passmed > Flashcards

PSA passmed Flashcards

1
Q

which drugs in rheumatology are prescribed weekly?

A

bisphosphonates

methotrexate

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2
Q

Drugs to be avoided if pt has epilepsy

A 
alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
aminophylline, theophylline
bupropion
methylphenidate (used in ADHD)
mefenamic acid
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3
Q

drugs that decr K

A

Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics
Acetazolamide

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4
Q

drugs that incr K

A 
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing diuretics (amiloride, triamterene)
Potassium supplements (Sando-K, Slow-K)
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5
Q

meds to avoid in heart failure

A

thiazolidinediones*: pioglitazone is contraindicated as it causes fluid retention
verapamil: negative inotropic effect
NSAIDs**/glucocorticoids: should be used with caution as they cause fluid retention
class I antiarrhythmics; flecainide (negative inotropic and proarrhythmic effect)

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6
Q

labour induction medical no.1

A

Dinoprostone vaginal tablet

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7
Q

depression and stress incontinence

A

duloxetine

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8
Q

if pt’s eGFR is low, nitrofurantoin is unsuitable/ ineffective because of inadequate urine conc and risk of peripheral neuropathy.

A

can prescribe getamicin

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9
Q

pt with hx of epilepsy then depressive sx

Mx

A

not SSRIs or TCA= they incr risk of seizures by antagonising effect of valproate.

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10
Q

AKI drugs to alter: Metformin and Sitagliptin

A

if eGFR is <30 metformin should be avoided- incr risk of lactic acidosis
Sitagliptin i 1’ eliminated via renal route and requires dose reduction to 25mg OD if eGFR is <30.

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11
Q

Drugs that can cause CNS toxicity

A

Amitriptylline, citalopram and Tramadol

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12
Q

P450 inducer (reduced anticoag effect) e.g.

A

rifampicin

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13
Q

Drugs to avoid in the elderly

A

Glibenclamide- long acting sulfonylurea- higher risk of hypoglycaemia
Lorazepam- benzo- ince the risk of confusion and ataxia leading to falls
prochlorperazine (antipsychotic)- avoid in elderly its with dementia- incr risk of mortality/ stroke/ TIA

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14
Q

lithium toxicity can be aggravated by

A

hyponatraemia- body retains lithium which is an ion similar to sodium
Ace-i and loop diuretics increase the loss of NA- tf incr retention of Li.
NSAIDs can incr the risk of Li toxicity by reducing the exertion of Li due to fluid retention

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15
Q

folic acid in pregnancy duration

A

upto 12 weeks

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16
Q

sulfasalazine skin change

A

orange yellow discoloration

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17
Q

amiodarone skin change

A

slate grey appearance

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18
Q

medications that can cause sleep disturbance

A

B blockers esp lipid soluble ones can cause sleep disturbances with nightmares
Steroids can cause insomnia and nightmares. TCA can also cause sleep disturbance.

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19
Q

anti epileptic hypersensitivity syndrome cause

A

phenytoin

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20
Q

strontium ranelate can cause

A

severe allergic reactions- drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic sx

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21
Q

drugs with incr risk of toxicity due to hypoalbuminaemia

A

prednisone, omeprazole, phenytoin and letrozole are all bound to plasma albumin.

It is prednisone and phenytoin that can cause probs due to incr in the conc of a free drug

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22
Q

Medications that reduce anti platelet effect of clopidogrel

A

omeprazole and fluoxetine

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23
Q

Drugs that incr risk of simvastatin related myopathy- rhabdomyolysis

A

CCB- incr plasma conc

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24
Q

Drugs that should be used with caution in its with G6PD

A

aspirin <1g/day. gliclazide, nitrofurantoin and quinine

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25
Q

Drugs that should be used with caution in its with G6PD

A

aspirin <1g/day. gliclazide, nitrofurantoin and quinine

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26
Q

drugs that cause ototoxicity

A

furosemide

vancomycin

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27
Q

drugs that cause constipation

A

buscopan

ferrous fumarate

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28
Q

Drugs to stop before surgery

A 
Acei/ARB= 24 hours before
Wafarin 5 dys before
Clopidogrel 7 days before
COCP 4-6wks before
Lithium 2 days
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29
Q

Drugs to stop day of surgery

A

Metformin
Insulin
Gliclazide

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30
Q

with ileus avoid constipating drugs

A

e.g. Clozapine, hyoscine and amitriptyline

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31
Q

prolong QT interval

A 
escitalopram
domperidone
odansetron
Methadone
quinolone
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32
Q

dry mouth

A

TCA

antipsychotics- risperidone

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33
Q

clozapine major SE

A

agranulocytosis

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34
Q

vigabatrin visual SE

A

visual field defect

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35
Q

isotretinoin SE visual

A

dryness of the eyes w/ blepharitis/ conjunctivitis

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36
Q

amiodarone visual SE

A

reversible corneal deposits present with night glare and may affect the pt’s ability to drive in the dark

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37
Q

primary angle closure glaucoma precipitators

A

amitriptyline or chlorphenamine

38
Q

primary angle closure glaucoma precipitators

A

amitriptyline or chlorphenamine

39
Q

pioglitazone

A

rare reports of liver toxicity- discontinue if jaundice appears
incr risk of HF when combined with insulin
small risk of bladder ca= haematuria, dysuria or urgency

40
Q

methotrexate to look out for

A

lung problems and liver problems

41
Q

methotrexate to look out for

A

lung problems and liver problems

42
Q

Creon how to take

A

best taken with food and should be taken immediately after it has been mixed with food

43
Q

prostaglandin analogue e.g. latanoprost SE

A

brown pigmentation of eyes

causes thickening of the lashes

44
Q

prostaglandin analogue e.g. latanoprost SE

A

brown pigmentation of eyes

causes thickening of the lashes

45
Q

medications that may exacerbate heart failure

A

thiazolidinediones*: pioglitazone is contraindicated as it causes fluid retention
verapamil: negative inotropic effect
NSAIDs**/glucocorticoids: should be used with caution as they cause fluid retention
class I antiarrhythmics; flecainide (negative inotropic and proarrhythmic effect)

46
Q

medications that may exacerbate heart failure

A

thiazolidinediones*: pioglitazone is contraindicated as it causes fluid retention
verapamil: negative inotropic effect
NSAIDs**/glucocorticoids: should be used with caution as they cause fluid retention
class I antiarrhythmics; flecainide (negative inotropic and proarrhythmic effect)

47
Q

prednisolone LT SE

A

proximal muscle weakness

48
Q

prednisolone LT SE

A

proximal muscle weakness

49
Q

sodium valproate SE

A

weight gain & hair loss- top two
liver toxicity
Pancreatitis

50
Q

drugs that cause renal impairment

A

ciclosporin (Neoral)

Contrast

51
Q

SE of levodopa rx

A

postural hypotension

discolouration of urine

52
Q

peripheral oedema drug causes

A

CCB

NSAIDs

53
Q

Diazepine positing rx

A

flumazenil

54
Q

opiod therapy SE

A

bradypnoea
resp depression
urinary retention

55
Q

opiod therapy SE

A

bradypnoea
resp depression
urinary retention

56
Q

sodium fusidate SE

A

hepatobiliary disorders

57
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

1) nausea and vomiting- early signs
2) yellow vision
Amiodarone can incr the dose of digoxin

58
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

1) nausea and vomiting- early signs
2) yellow vision
Amiodarone can incr the dose of digoxin

59
Q

olanzapine and clozapine monitoring 6mnth

A

blood lipids and weight

60
Q

Erythromycin affect on wafarin

A

inhibits the metabolism tf INR increases and risk of haemorrhage

61
Q

erythromycin with simvastatin

A

inhibits the metabolism of simvastatin, incr risk of statin related myopathy. Good to withhold simvastatin during rx with erythromycin- this does not cause harm to the pt as this is a LT preventative measure.

62
Q

SE of TB rx

A

ethambutol- eyes
Isoniazid- peripheral neuropathy

liver function should be checked before intiating

63
Q

Labetalol and liver damage

A

severe hepatocellular damage has been reported with labetalol- reversible
should be given alternative such as nifedipine

64
Q

tumour lysis syndrome rx

A

rasburicase IV

65
Q

tumour lysis syndrome rx

A

rasburicase IV

66
Q

drugs that cause urinary retention

A 
Anticholinergics (eg, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant agents, anticholinergic respiratory agents, detrusor relaxants),
General anaesthetics,
Alpha-adrenoceptor agonists,
Benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam),
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. ibuprofen),
Calcium-channel blockers,
Antihistamines,
Alcohol.
67
Q

drugs that cause urinary retention

A 
Anticholinergics (eg, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant agents, anticholinergic respiratory agents, detrusor relaxants),
General anaesthetics,
Alpha-adrenoceptor agonists,
Benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam),
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. ibuprofen),
Calcium-channel blockers,
Antihistamines,
Alcohol.
68
Q

drugs that cause confusion

A

Anticholinergics (eg, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant agents, anticholinergic respiratory agents, detrusor relaxants),
Antipsychotics,
Antidepressants,
Anticonvulsants.
Less common causes (Histamine H2 receptor antagonists, digoxin, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics.k

69
Q

drugs that cause confusion

A

Anticholinergics (eg, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant agents, anticholinergic respiratory agents, detrusor relaxants),
Antipsychotics,
Antidepressants,
Anticonvulsants.
Less common causes (Histamine H2 receptor antagonists, digoxin, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics.

70
Q

alendronic acid SE

A

discomfort in the retrosternal area- alert damage to lower oesophagus and should be discontinued

71
Q

alendronic acid SE

A

discomfort in the retrosternal area- alert damage to lower oesophagus and should be discontinued

72
Q

methotrexate SE

A

pneumonitis

leucopenia

73
Q

methotrexate SE

A

pneumonitis

leucopenia

74
Q

peripheral vascular disease CI

A

B blockers

Ace-i

75
Q

peripheral vascular disease CI

A

B blockers

Ace-i

76
Q

gradual withdrawal of steroids if

A
  • received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week
  • received more than 3 weeks treatment
  • recently received repeated courses
77
Q

medications that worsen psoriasis

A

beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab

78
Q

medications that worsen psoriasis

A

beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab

79
Q

sotalol can prolong the Qt interval

A

Tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and haloperidol are psychiatric drugs known to cause QTc prolongation.

80
Q

sotalol can prolong the Qt interval

A

Tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and haloperidol are psychiatric drugs known to cause QTc prolongation.

81
Q

Drug causes of raised prolactin

A

metoclopramide, domperidone
phenothiazines
haloperidol
very rare: SSRIs, opioids

82
Q

drugs that prolong the QT interval

A

Quetiapine
chlorpromazine
-both antipsychotics

Sotalol- antiarrythmic
Carvedilol- BB

83
Q

associated with bone loss

A

fureosemide

PPI- omeprozole

84
Q

erythema multiforme SE

A 
pheytoin
carbamazepine
valproate
lamotrigine
penicillinn 
sulphonamides
aspirin
allopurinol
hydralazine
cimetidine
85
Q

pruitus due to biliary problems

A

colestyramine

86
Q

methotrexate and trimethoprim together

A

toxicity and bone marrow suppression

87
Q

to lower portal HTN

A

propanolol

88
Q

abd ascites

A

spironolactone

89
Q

drugs that can exacerbate hyponatraemia

A

carbamazepine
citalopram
lasoprazole

90
Q

GTN SE

A

dizziness
hypothension
headache

91
Q

GTN SE

A

dizziness
hypothension
headache

92
Q

management of DKA

A

when K is between 3.5-5.5 to use 40mmol of K supplement

PSA (3 decks)

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