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Finals Revision Flashcards > PSA Part 2 > Flashcards

PSA Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are tocolytic agents?

A

Drugs designed to inhibit contractions of myometrial smooth muscle cells

Used in premature labour

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2
Q

Trimethoprim is contraindicated in patients taking which drug, and why?

A

Methotrexate

Trimethoprim is a folate antagonist, and so is methotrexate, so combined usage can lead to toxicity and causes bone marrow suppression, pancytopenia, and neutropenia

Folate is used in DNA synthesis

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3
Q

What are common side-effects of Bisoprolol use?

A

Headache and dizziness

Bradycardia

Fatigue

Insomnia

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4
Q

When correcting Hypokalaemia under the normal range (3.5-5) of 2.5-3.5, what infusion at what rate do you give?

A

IV 1L of 0.9% NaCl with 40mmol KCl over 4 hours

Standard infusion rate for potassium is 10mmol KCl per hour

Only in extreme cases where potassium is below 2.5mmol/L, should the KCl rate be increased to 20mmol/hr

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5
Q

What is the fluids you give as maintenance if they also need potassium?

A

IV 1L of 0.9% NaCl with 40mmol KCl over 8 hours

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6
Q

Is Erythromycin safe to use in breastfeeding mothers?

A

It is safe

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7
Q

What is the name of the antidote drug used for reversal of anticoagulation from Apixaban and Rivaroxaban?

A

Andexanet alfa

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8
Q

What is the name of the antidote drug used for reversal of anticoagulation from Dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

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9
Q

What other class of drugs are people who are allergic to penicillin at risk of also reacting to?

A

Cephalosporins

Other beta-lactam antibacterials

Carbapenems (Meropenem)

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10
Q

What are the doses you give of the anti-histamine Chlorphenamine after when you have initiated the adrenaline in an anaphylaxis situation?

A

Adult and over 12yo - 10mg

Child 6-12 - 5mg

Child 6m-6y - 2.5mg

Child less than 6m 250micrograms/kg

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11
Q

What are the doses you give of hydrocortisone, after when you have initiated the adrenaline in an anaphylaxis situation?

A

Adult and child over 12yo - 200mg

6yo-12yo - 100mg

6m-6yo - 50mg

<6m - 25mg

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12
Q

What are side effects of GTN spray?

A

Headaches

Hypotension

Dizziness

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13
Q

What are some pharmacological risk factors associated with c.difficile infection?

A

Clindamycin

Acid suppressing drugs (PPIs)

Cephalosporins (especially third and fourth generation)

Fluoroquinolones

Broad-spectrum penicillins

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14
Q

What drug do you give prophylactically in children with sickle cell anaemia, to reduce the risk of pneumococcal infection?

A

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN

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15
Q

Do diabetic lorry, bus, and coach drivers need to tell the DVLA if they are being treated with insulin, non-insulin injections, or tablets? Do they need to tell the DVLA if their diabetes is diet controlled?

A

Yes if insulin, non-insulin injections or tablets

No if diet controlled

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16
Q

What electrolyte disturbances can loop diuretics, like furosemide, cause?

A

Hypokalaemia

Hyponatraemia

Hypocalcaemia

17
Q

What drugs can lead to gynaecomastia as an adverse effect?

A

Spironolactone - potassium sparing diuretic

Finasteride - 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor

18
Q

What is the first line management for digoxin toxicity?

A

Digibind

19
Q

What is the first line management for digoxin toxicity?

A

Digibind

20
Q

What common drug is a common cause of urticaria?

A

Aspirin

21
Q

What are common side effects of amlodipine?

A

peripheral oedema, constipation and diarrhoea

22
Q

What are common side effects of bisoprolol?

A

dizziness, headache, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting

23
Q

What are common side effects of losartan?

A

abdominal pain, diarrhoea and dizziness

24
Q

What are common side effects of metformin?

A

Constipation, diarrhoea
Nausea and vomiting
Lactic acidosis

25
Q

What two groups can potassium sparing diuretics be grouped into, and what are two examples for each group?

A

Epithelial sodium channel blockers - amiloride and triamterene

Aldosterone antagonists - spironolactone and eplerenone

26
Q

What are 2 examples of drugs should you try to avoid in elderly people?

A

Hypoglycaemics - hypoglycaemic events

Antipsychotics - vascular events

27
Q

What T2DM drugs is it best to avoid in AKI?

A

Metformin

Sitagliptin

28
Q

What T2DM drugs is is ok to use in AKI?

A

Sulfonylureas

Insulin

29
Q

What is a drug that is contraindicated in liver disease?

A

Statins

30
Q

What are the fluid requirements for routine maintenance in adults?

A

25-30ml/kg/day of water

1mmol/kg/day of K+, Na+ and Cl-

50-100g/day of glucose - limit starvation ketosis

31
Q

What are the primary toxicities of aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

32
Q
A

This patient has evidence of transaminitis, having recently started a new medication. He, therefore, has a drug-induced liver injury (DILI). As most medications are metabolised in the liver, it is a common site for toxicity. DILI is categorised as hepatocellular, cholestatic or a mixed pattern of injury, depending on the ALT : ALP ratio:<p></p>

ALT : ALP > 5 (ie significantly raised ALT, normal ALP): hepatocellular picture. Common causative agents include paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statins and amiodarone

<li>ALT : ALP < 2 (ie significantly raised ALP, normal ALT): cholestatic picture. Common causative agents include co-amoxiclav, erythromycin, chlorpromazine and hormonal contraception</li>

<li>ALT : ALP 2–5 (ie ALT and ALP raised): mixed picture. Common causative agents include phenytoin, sulfonamides and carbamazepine.</li>

Finals Revision Flashcards (49 decks)

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