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PSA Exam > PSA Exam > Flashcards

PSA Exam Flashcards

1
Q

One red, hot, swollen joint = GOUT.

What is the first line treatment for Gout

A

Colchicine

Or high dose ibuprofen but not if they have renal failure or cardiovascular disease

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2
Q

First line treatment for status Epilepsy.

A

Status Epilepsy = seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes

Treatment is Lorazepam

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3
Q

Treatment of Absence Seizures/Generalized tonic clonic seizures

A

Sodium Valproate in Male

Iamotrigine in Female

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4
Q

Treatment of Focal seizures

A

Carbamazepine or Iamotrigine.

Carbamazepine should be stopped immediately in case of liver failure

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5
Q

Treatment of acute Delirium

A

Haloperidol

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6
Q

Antiemetic options

A

Cyclizine 50mg 8 hourly is usually first line.
Metoclopramide 10mg 8 hourly if heart failure.
Metoclopramide exacerbates Parkinson’s symptoms

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7
Q

Choice of antibiotic for cellulitis if patient is allergic to penicillin

A

Clarithromycin

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8
Q

Bronchiectasis presents with worsening cough, SOB and haemoptysy. Oral and IV antibiotic options for Bronchiectasis

A

Oral: Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic
IV: Co-amoxiclav

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9
Q

Pneumonia presents with cough, sob and fever

A

Low to Moderate severity: Amoxicillin
High severity: Co-amoxiclav with Clarithromycin
Erythromycin if pregnant
Levofloxacin if penicillin allergic

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10
Q

Where to look for antibiotics treatment

A

For respiratory infections: Respiratory infections, antibacterial therapy

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11
Q

Antiviral treatment for Herpes

A

Aciclovir

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12
Q

Treatment of Scabies

A

Permethrin

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13
Q

Acute anxiety disorder treatment

A

Benzodiazepine

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14
Q

Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

A

Sertraline.

Contraindicated in Epilepsy and cardiovascular disease

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15
Q

Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Donepezil hydrochloride

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16
Q

Treatment of MI

A 
MONAC
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrate
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
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17
Q

How to tackle the different types of questions

A

For each question, read the question before you read the scenario.

  • Prescribing section: think about what are the treatment options, look at last medical history and consider the contraindications e.g. renal failure.
  • Prescription review/Adverse Drug Reaction: search each medication, look at common side effects. For Drug interactions, use the interaction section.
  • Communucating Information: read each option and consider whether it’s true or not by looking at side effects, patient care section and indications.
  • Drug Monitoring: review the Monitoring section
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18
Q

What is the treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (if QRISK 3 score is >10%)

A

Statin (Atorvastatin)

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19
Q

Treatment for Angina

A

GTN Spray

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20
Q

What is the treatment for secondary prevention of MI

A 
5As
Aspirin - lifelong
Clopidogrel - 12 months
Atorvastatin
Ace Inhibitor (Ramipril)
Atenolol (beta blocker)
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21
Q

Treatment for Acute Heart Failure/Pulmonary Oedema

A

Frusemide

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22
Q

Treatment for Hypertension

A

Under 55 and non-block:
1st line is = Ace Inhibitor (Ramipril), then Calcium Channel Blocker (Amlodipine). Lastly, you can add thiazide like diuretic like Bendroflumethazide

Over 55, black:
1st line: Calcium channel blocker, then Ace Inhibitior. Can add thiazide like diuretic

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23
Q

Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation & Atrial Flutter

A

First line is Rate Control for both: Atenolol. Digoxin is also an option
If it’s new (within 48 hours), it is causing heart failure then Rhythm Control: Flecanide or Amiodarone (in structural heart disease)

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24
Q

Anticoagulant options

A

Usually Warfarin.

If contraindicated, then Rivaroxaban

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25
Q

Treatment for Ventricular tachycardia

A

Amiodarone Hydrochloride

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26
Q

Step line treatment for Asthma

A
  1. Salbutamol + inhaled corticosteroids
  2. Add Leukotriene receptor antagonist
  3. Add LABA e.g. salmeterol
  4. Add LAMA e.g. tiotropium
27
Q

Treatment for Acute Asthma

A

Moderate: PEFR 50-75%
Nebulised Salbutamol

Severe: PEFR 33-50%, Unable to complete sentences
IV salbutamol, Aminophylline infusion

Life threatening: <33%, no wheeze - silent chest.
IV Magnesium sulphate

28
Q

Treatment for COPD

A
  1. Salbutamol

If no Asthmatic features such as Wheeze: LABA (Salmeterol) + LAMA (tiotropium)

If Asthmatic features present: LABA + LAMA + Prednisolone

29
Q

Treatment for Pulmonary Fibrosis/Interstitial Lung Disease

A

Pirfenidone

30
Q

Treatment for Pulmonary Embolism

A

Initially LMWH e.g. deltaparin.

Long term Warfarin or Rivaroxaban. for 3 months if reversible cause, otherwise 6 months especially if cancer

31
Q

Sarcoidosis presents with cough, SOB and erythema nordosum. What is the treatment for Sarcoidosis

A

Oral Steroids

32
Q

Choice of antibiotic for UTI

A

Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin (NOT in Pregnancy)
For a simple UTI in women - 3 days
For women who are immunosuppressed, have an abnormal anatomy or impaired renal function, 5-10 days
For man, pregnant women or catheter related UTI - 7 days

33
Q

Treatment for Pylenephritis

A

Oral: Cefalexin
IV: Co-amoxiclav only if culture results available otherwise Ceftriaxone

34
Q

Treatment for Cellulitis and Septic Arthritis

A

Flucloxacillin only for Cellulitis
Flucloxacillin plus rifampicin for Septic Arthritis
If allergic to penicillin then Clarithromycin

35
Q

Treatment for Ear, Nose and Throat Infections such as Tonsillitis or Sinusitis

A

first line is Penicillin

If allergic then Clarithromycin

36
Q

Treatment for Otitis Media

A

Amoxicillin as first option

Otherwise Clarithromycin

37
Q

Treatment for Gastroenteritis

A

Azithromycin or Ciprofloxacin

38
Q

Treatment for bacterial/Viral Meningitis

A

Bacterial Meningitis = Benzylpenicillin
Viral = Acyclovir

In bacteria Meningitis, CSF shows raised protein and low glucose content

39
Q

Treatment for Tuberculosis

A

Rifampicin for 6 months
Isoniazid for 6 months
Pyrazinamide for 2 months
Ethambutol for 2 months

40
Q

Treatment for Malaria

A

Uncomplicated - Quinine sulfate
Complicated: IV Artesunate.
Can find treatment under Malaria in Treatment Summary

41
Q

Treatment for Constipation

A

Start with bulk forming laxative if that’s ineffective add or switch to an osmotic. Later stimulant laxative can be added.

Bulk forming: ispaghula husk
Osmotic: Lactulose
Stimulant: Senna

In patients with opioid-induced constipation, an osmotic laxative (or docusate sodium to soften the stools) and a stimulant laxative is recommended. Bulk-forming laxatives should be avoided.

42
Q

Treatment for STIs

A

Treatment Summary under Genital system infections

43
Q

Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia

A

B12 Deficiency treated with - IM Hydroxocobalamin

Folic acid deficiency - Folic acid

44
Q

Treatment for Osteoarthritis

A
  1. Oral paracetamol or topical IBUPROFEN
  2. Oral Ibuprofen
  3. Codeine Phosphate
45
Q

Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  1. Methotrexate
  2. Methotrexate + Hydroxychloroquine
  3. Infliximab
46
Q

Treatment for Reactive arthritis (one hot red swollen joint following an infection) & Ankylosing spondylitis (back pain and pain in the buttocks) and Lupus (photosensitive malar rash)

A
  1. NSAIDs

2. Steroids

47
Q

Treatment for Polymyalgia Rheumatica (bilateral shoulder and hip pain), Giant Cell Arteritis (headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, vision problems) and Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis

A

high dose prednisolone

48
Q

Treatment for Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

49
Q

Treatment for Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D

50
Q

Management of Stroke

A

When haemorrhagic stroke ruled out, give Aspirin 300mg.
Within 4.5 hrs give IV Alteplase.

Secondary Prevention: Atorvastatin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel.

51
Q

Treatment of Parkinsons

A

In Treatment Summary, under Parkinson’s disease

52
Q

Treatment of Benign Essential Tremor

A

Propranolol

53
Q

Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

A

Amitriptyline

54
Q

Treatment of Bell’s Palsy

A

Prednisolone

55
Q

Treatment of Myasthenia gravis

A

Pyridostigmine

56
Q

Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

57
Q

Treatment of Migraine & Cluster headache

A

Acute: Paracetamol or Sumatriptan
Preventative: Propranolol

58
Q

Treatment of Open and Angle closure glaucoma

A

Open Glaucoma = Latanoprost

Angle closure glaucoma = Acetazolamide

59
Q

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Ranibizumab

60
Q

Treatment of Acute COPD Exacerbation

A

Nebulised Salbutamol
Ipratropium Bromide
Prednisolone

61
Q

Treatment of Depression

A

first line: sertraline or fluoxetine if patient has cardiovascular disease
if ineffective can switch to Duoxetine.
Remember, treatment must be continued for 4 weeks before it is switched

62
Q

What are the various contraceptive options

A
  1. Barrier e.g. condom
  2. Irreversible e.g. sterilisation
  3. Long acting reversible e.g. Copper intrauterine device
  4. Hormonal e.g. COCP or progestogen only pill
  5. Emergency Contraceptives
63
Q

What are the hormonal contraceptives

A
  1. Combined oral contraceptives containing oestrogen and progestogen. Thin endometrial lining and thicken the cervical mucosa.
    Contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease, high risk of VTE (AF, stroke, DVT), over 35 and a smoker, and current breast cancer
  2. Progestogen only thins endometrial lining and thickens cervical mucosa. It is suitable for patients in which oestrogen is contraindicated. Side effects amnaeorrhoea and irregular bleeding. Example includes levenogestril

Vomiting and diarrhoea affects the effectiveness of both

  1. Long acting reversible contraceptive e.g. Nexplanon implant in the arm or Milena coil also contains progestogen only. Same side effects as above
64
Q

Non-hormonal contraceptives/Emergency

A

Copper intrauterine device - within 5 days of ovulation

PSA Exam (1 decks)

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