Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSA > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are enzyme inducers vs enzyme inhibitors?

A

Inhibitors: cimetidine, chloramphenicol, fluoexetine, sodium valporate, ciprofloxacin

Inducers: rifampicin, carbamezapine, phenytoinm topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drugs are stopped prior to surgery and when?

A
  • Lithium (1 day before)
  • Insulin (variable)
  • DOAC (24 hours or 48 hours if high bleeding risk)
  • Warfarin (bridging regimen)
  • Aspirin (1 week before)
  • K+ sparing (day of)
  • COCP/HRT (4 weeks before)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Emergency hypoglycaemia treatment in drowsy patient?

A

Glucose 20% 100ml in 15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Emergency hypokalaemia treatment?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% / potassium chloride 0.3% 1000ml in 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emergency hypercalcaemia treatment?

A

sodium chloride 0.9% 1000ml in 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Maintenance fluids without losses and with losses (maintenance and replacement)?

A

25-30ml/kg/24h water
1mmol/kg/24h Na and K
50-100g/24h glucose

(aim 1000ml 8-12 hours)

Minimum 30ml/kg/24h water
ensure electrolytes replaced

(aim 1000ml 4-6 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different fluid types?

A

NaCl 0.9% 1000ml - 150 mmol Na
KCl 0.3% 1000ml - 40 mmol Ka
KCl 0.15% 1000ml - 20 mmol K
Glucose 5% 1000ml - 50g glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects - hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia

A

hypoglycaemia: insulin, sulphonylureas

hyperglycaemia: steroids, antipsychotics, thiazides, beta blockers, tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

side effects - diarrhorea and constipation

A

diarrhoea - antibiotics, colchicine, metformin, PPIs, alendronic acid

constipation - opioids, CCBs, anticholinergics, some parkinson’s meds, some antiepileptics, nifedipine, ferrous sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

side effects - urinary incontinence and urinary retention

A

retention - opioids, anticholinergics, morphine sulphate, BDZ, NSAIDs, CCB

incontinence - diuretics, clozapine, alpha blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

side effects - confusion and falls

A

confusion - opioids, sedatives, anticholinergics, morphine sulphate, metaclopramide

falls - BDZ, antidepressants, opiates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

side effects - gout, osteoporosis, hypertension, high cholesterol

A

gout - diuretics, ticagrelor, aspirin
osteoporosis - steroids, PPIs
hypertension - NSAIDs, steroids, oral COCP
high cholesterol - steroids, thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drugs are changed during a period of illness?

A

steroids - DOUBLED
metformin, statins, - glifozins, methotrexate - WITHHELD
Diabetes - continue insulin and other drugs but stop SGLT-2i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs are given in mcg and grams?

A

levothyroxine, tamsulosin, digoxin, naloxone, fludrocortisone, inhalers, GTN spray, ipratropium nebs

paracetamol, lithium, calcium carbonate, NAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VTE prophylaxis and DVT treatment:

A

therapeutic: DOAC

prophylaxis: LMWH (+ compression stockings) if renal failure then unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drugs cause cholestasis?

A

flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs cause pancreatic cancer?

A

nitrofurantoin, steroids, sulphonylureas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reversal drugs in substance misuse?

A

Opioids (heroin) - methadone hydrochloride or buprenorphine or naloxone

BDZ - flumazenil

Aspirin and TCA - sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for Alzheimer’s?

A

Donepezil, rivastigmine

Memantime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is used in constipation?

A

Stool softener - arachis oil
Bulking agents - isphagula husk
Stimulant laxative - senna
Osmotic laxative - lactulose or phosphate enema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drugs should/could be prescribed alongside steroids?

A

bisphosphonate
H2 antagonists - ranitidine
PPI - omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Side effects of gentamicin, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin?

A

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

tendonitis/achilles tendon rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Side effects of ACEi, BB, CCB, diuretics?

A

ACEi - dry cough, AKI
BB - wheeze in asthmatics, worsens acute HF
CCB - flushing, peripheral oedema
Diuretics - AKI, spironolactone - gynaecomastia

NOTE: check U&Es prior to starting diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Side effects of digoxin and amiodarone?

A

Digoxin - blurred vision, xanthopsia (disturbed yellow/green visual perception and halo sign

Amiodarone - ILD, skin greying, corneal deposits, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism - withhold

NOTE: anti-arrhythmics so monitor using HR

digoxin toxicity from hypokalaemia so check U&Es prior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How to monitor steroids?

A

LFTs - stop when x3 upper limit of normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Neutropenic sepsis treatment?

A

IV tazocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Warfarin

A

bleed: stop, IV phytomenadione, PCC, restart when INR <5

no bleed, INR >8: stop, PO phytomenadione, restart when INR <5

no bleed, INR 5-8: withhold 1-2 doses

target INR (2-3): DVT/PE, prosthetic valves

target INR (3-4) recurrent DVT/PE

Day before elective surgery oral phytomenadione given if INR >1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

UTI treatment?

A

nitrofurantoin (FOR ALL EXCEPT 3RD TRI)

2nd line: amox or cefalexin

NOTE: nitro contraindicated in renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Neural tube defects?

A

400mcg folic acid until 12 weeks
5mg folic acid in high risk until birth - SCD, DIABETES, anti-epileptics, child with NTD
5mg till week 12: family history of NTD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ACEi and renal function?

A

if eGFR <25% or creatinine <30%: recheck in 2 weeks, don’t change ACEi dose

if GFR >25% or creatinine >30%: stop ACEi or reduce to previously tolerable dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Palliative care management:
- pain relief
- breathlessness
- constipation
- N&V
- restlessness
- secretions

A

pain relief: use oxycodone rather than morphine if lower eGFR

breathlessness: oxygen -> morphine sulphate IR 1mg PO -> lorazepam 0.5mg PRN SL

constipation: anything apart from bulking agents

N&V: metoclopramide, cyclizine, haloperidol, ondansetron

Restlessness: haloperidol, lorazepam in parkinson’s

Secretions - hyoscine butylbromide

NOTE: all patients prescribed a strong opioid should also be prescribed lactulose

Dysphagia: give dex is tumour and SL GTN if oesophagitis or spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Missed pills in COCP and POP?

A

COCP:
1 missed pill: take it straight away and carry on as normal. If less than 7 pills in pack take back to back. If beginning of pack no and sex no additional contraception

2 missed pills: take most recent pill straight away and protection for 7 days.
If had sex in last 7 days -> emergency contraception

POP:
1 missed pill <3 hours: take it straight away and carry on as normal.

1 missed pill >3 hours: take most recent pill straight away and use condoms for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Acne treatment:

A

mild: benzoyl peroxide
moderative: as above and oral abx (doxycycline -> erythromycin)
severe: PO isotretinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What to know about rivaroxaban?

A

take with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Drugs with EPS?

A

acute dystonia and parkinsonism - procyclidine
tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements) - tetrabenazine
akathisia (restlessness) - propanolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Important equations to know in calculation skills?

A

concentration = dose/volume
1g = 1ml
1% = 1g in 100ml

infusion rate = dose / concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hypocalcaemia treatment?

A

calcium gluconate 10% 10ml IV over 10 mins

38
Q

Meningitis in community?

A

benpen IM or cefotaxime if allergic

39
Q

How do you measure blood glucose control in a blood disorder (increases RBC production) or pregnancy?

A

Frutosamine (2 weeks)

40
Q

Hyperemesis gravidaram antiemetic?

A

Promethazine

41
Q

Oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, BV, trichomoniasis (yellow/green discharge) treatment?

A

PO nystatin

Clotrimazole and fluconazole if recurrent

Metronidazole

Metronidazole

42
Q

Otitis media and externa treatment?

A

media:
self resolve
PO amox

externa:
gentamicin drops and hydrocortisone - otomize
PO flucox and severe then cipro

EAR INFECTIONS

43
Q

Croup treatment?

A

PO dex
NEB adrenaline if severe

44
Q

HRT treatment?

A

pre-menopause: elleste-duet
post-menpause and uterus: elleste - duet conti
post-menopause and NO uterus: elleste - solo

45
Q

Cystic fibrosis treatment?

A

infection:
prophylactic tobramycin in pseudominas

azithromycin

46
Q

Side effect of tamsulosin?

A

floppy iris syndrome - stop prior to cataract surgery

47
Q

What are the choices for emergency contraception?

A

Levonestregel: <72hr

Ulipristal acetate: <120hr. CONTRAINDICATED IN ASTHMA

48
Q

Contraceptive treatment?

A

COCP:
microgynon 30 - ethinylestradiol with levonorgestrel

POP:
cerazette - desogestrel

49
Q

Whooping cough treatment?

A

Azithromycin or clarithromycin

50
Q

Statins - when to take it?

A

nightly

if QRISK high it is 20mg

51
Q

What can aspirin cause

A

IDA picture

52
Q

Alendronic acid

A

reduces likelihood of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures

small increased risk of atypical fractures

53
Q

What is a good marker of correction of dehydration in the short and long term?

A

BP
Urine output

54
Q

What is a good monitoring option to assess the adverse effects of HRT?

A

BP
stop if > 160/95

55
Q

anti-sickness meds SE?

A

ondansetron - causes QTc prolongation
metoclopramide - not used in cardiac problems and electrolyte abnormalities
use cyclicine

55
Q

GP status epilepticus

A

no IV access so use buccal midazolam or PR diazepamE

55
Q

When do you take prednisolone?

A

in morning so can sleep

55
Q

What drugs increase fracture risk?

A

PPIs
Steroids
GnrH agonists e.g. goserelin

56
Q

What is the definition and management for orthostatic hypotension?

A

OH is defined as a reduction of systolic BP of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing up

treat cause
supportive - fluids, leg crossing
FLUDROCORTISONE

57
Q

Minor surgery and major surgery insulin in diabetes?

A

On the day before the surgery, the patient’s usual insulin should be given as normal, other than once daily long-acting insulin analogues, which should be given at a dose reduced by 20 %

Put on variable insulin infusion

Diabetes and surgery

58
Q

Fluid prescribing in children?

A

resuscitation:
0.9% NaCl 10ml/kg over 10 minutes or Hartmann’s 10ml/kg over 10 mins

maintenance (>28 days):
100 ml/kg/day for the first 10kg of weight, then 50ml/kg for next 10kg then 20ml
PER 24 HOURS

59
Q

Cellulitis treatment?

A
  1. flucloxacillin
  2. clarithromycin or erythromycin in pregnancy
60
Q

SE of zopiclone?

A

Rebound insomnia after withdrawal following PROLONGED use

61
Q

Diabetes in pregnancy

A

Labetalol taken and measured in community twice weekly to aim 135/85.
for women with BP between 140/90 - 159/109
daily every 30 mins if over 159/109

62
Q

Glucose prescription in DKA?

A

125ml/hour 10% glucose at 500ml

63
Q

Wernicke’s treatment?

A

Pabrinex (vitamin B substances with ascorbic acid)
2-3 pairs

64
Q

SE of transplant immunosuppressants?

A

ciclosporin - gingivial hypertrophy
tacrolimus - pancytopenia, peripheral neuropathy
mycophenelate - myelosuppression

65
Q

What to know about HRT?

A

vasomotor sx:
1. HRT
2. Clonidine hydrochloride
3. SSRI (off label)

HRT continuous (o+p)
HRT sequential (o + p. last few days)

progesterone adjuncts - utrogestran (micronised) or medroxyprogesterone acete

oestrogel can increase dose from 2 pumps to 4 pumps (3mg)

66
Q

What fluids are given prior to surgery in a diabetic patient?

A

as a variable rate insulin infusion has been started, start IV infusion of potassium chloride with glucose and sodium chloride

sodium chloride 0.45%/glucose 5%/potassium chloride 0.15% 1000ml over 12 hours

67
Q

stepwise hypertension management on dual therapy?

A

ACEi and CCB -> add thiazide like diuretic

bendroflumethiazide is thiazide diuretic
indapamide and chlortiadone are thiazide-like diuretics, they are preferred

68
Q

Most important advice when taking lithium carbonate?

A

drink plenty of water and have a balanced diet

teratogenic but continued if benefits outweigh risk

69
Q

most important info for emergency contraception levonorgesterol

A

if vomiting occurs within 3 hours take another

headache is a very common side effect

70
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia and how do you treat it?

A

severe reaction to drugs used in anaesthesia

Mx: dantrolene sodium

71
Q

Insulin adjustment and cbg?

A

Long acting: influences pre-prandial doses after overnight fast e.g. pre-breakfast reading

Short acting: influence measurements made around daytime meals

72
Q

VTE prophylaxis

A

dalteparin sodium 25,000 units/ml
5000 units

73
Q

GCA treatment?

A

prednisolone - 60mg

methylprednisolone 1g injection or IV if visual involvement

74
Q

derm management:
fungal infections (antifungals treatment summary)

A

1st line is topical antifungal - ketoconazole 2% cream or clotrimazole 1% spray
1 application, topical, daily

oral antifungal 2nd line e.g. fluconazole

74
Q

Post-MI antiplatelet continued for how long?

A

after 12 months stop second anticoagulant
continue aspirin lifelong

74
Q

depression mx

A
  1. SSRI (sertraline, fluoxetine)
  2. another SSRI
  3. mirtazapine
74
Q

diabetes mx

A
  1. metformin
  2. not tolerated -> another med
  3. hba1c >58 despite dual anti hypo treatment

gliclazide (sulphonylurea) cause weight gain
Pioglitazone can’t use in heart failure. and can cause bladder cancer

74
Q

How do you monitor the effectiveness of addison’s treatment?

A

resolution of symptoms - malaise and anorexia
weight instead of serum cortisol levels (as can be normal)

74
Q

monitoring for CAP clear up?

A

sputum culture

74
Q

best antibacterial for atypical CAP?

A

clari/ery/dox

75
Q

Mx for improving pain in shingles?

A

pregablin/ amitryptilin

76
Q

Common prophylactic antibiotics before procedures

A

Antibacterial, use for prophylaxis

77
Q

What drugs cause candida?

A

steroids and antibiotics

78
Q

Patient on statin has side effects and CK x5 upper limit of normal?

A

stop statin and if symptoms resolve or CK returns to normal statin should be reintroduced at a lower dose

79
Q

drugs causing pulmonary oedema?

A

CCB and NSAIDs

80
Q

Amiodarone pt gets hyperthyroidism

A

withhold, at least temporarily

81
Q

High BP on COCP - what do you do?

A

stop COCP and start POP

PSA (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions