PSA Flashcards
1
Q
What are the enzyme inducers?
A
- phenytoin
-carbamezapine - barbituates
-rifampicin - alcohol (chronic excess)
- sulphonylureas
2
Q
What are the enzyme inhibitors?
A
- Allopurinol
- Omeprazol
- Disulfiram
- Erythromycin
- Valporate
- Isoniazid
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ethanol (acute)
- Sulfonamides
3
Q
Which drugs should be stopped before surgery?
A
- Insulin/hypoglycaemics
- COCP and HRT: 4 weeks before
- anticoagulants and antiplatelets
- Lithium: day before
- ACEi: day of
- K+ sparing diuretics: day of
4
Q
Steroids side effects
A
- Stomach ulcers
- Thin skin
- oEdema
- Right and left heart failure
- Osteoporosis
- Infection
- Diabetes
- Cushing’s syndrome
5
Q
NSAID side effects
A
- No pee (renal failure)
- Systemic dysfunction (heart failure)
- Asthma
- Indigestion
- Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
6
Q
Side effects of specific ace inhibitors
A
- ACEi/diuretics: electrolyte imbalances
- ACEi: dry cough
- Beta blockers: wheeze in asthma, worsens acute heart failure
- CCB: peripheral oedema and flushing
- Thiazide diuretics: gout
- beta blockers/CCB: bradycardia
7
Q
What should you give as replacement fluids?
A
- 0.9% saline unless
- hypernatraemic or hypoglycaemic: dextrose 5%
- ascites: human albumin solution
- if shocked due to bleed: blood, if not available give crystalloid
8
Q
How much replacement fluid should you give?
A
- If tachycardic or hypotensive then 500ml bolus immediately (250 if heart failure history)
- if only oliguric then 1L over 2-4 hours
9
Q
What is the max rate potassium can be given
A
10mmol/hour
10
Q
What maintenance fluids are required
A
- 3L for adults over 24 hours
- 2L for elderly over 24 hours
11
Q
What should you give as maintenance?
A
- 1L 0.9% saline
- 2L 5% dextrose
12
Q
What antiemetic should be prescribed?
A
- Cyclizine 50mg 8 hourly, causes fluid retention
- metoclopramide IV/IM 10mg 8 hourly if heart failure (avoid in Parkinsons and young women)
13
Q
What is the max dose of paracetamol in those under 50kg?
A
500mg 6 hourly
14
Q
When is methotrexate contra indicated?
A
When active infection
15
Q
A
