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PSA > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

1
Q

What does a 1% medication mean?

A

1g per 100ml
1g per 100g

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2
Q

Normal potassium intake per day for fluids

A

1mmol/kg/24hr

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3
Q

Most common enzyme inducers (decrease other drug concentrations)

A

PC BRAS

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine

Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronic)
Sulphonylureas

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4
Q

Most common enzyme inhibitors (increase other drug concentrations)

A

MAO DEVICES

Metronidazole
Allopurinol
Omeprazole

Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (acute)
Sulphonamides

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5
Q

Drugs to stop before surgery and when

A

COCP and HRT: 4 weeks
Herbal medications: 2 weeks
Clopidogrel: 7 days
Warfarin: 6 days (if not minor surgery)

Lithium: 1 day
Spironolactone, ACEi, metformin: day of surgery

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6
Q

Should CCB and BB be stopped before surgery

A

No

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7
Q

Which diuretics can cause gout?

A

Thiazide diuretics

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8
Q

Which diuretics can cause gynaecomastia?

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

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9
Q

Which drugs can worsen acute heart failure but help chronic heart failure?

A

Beta blockers

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10
Q

Can a NBM patient still take oral medication?

A

Yes, even before surgery

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11
Q

Which fluids should be given if someone is hypernatraemic or hypoglycaemic?

A

5% dextrose

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12
Q

Which fluids should be given if someone has ascites?

A

Human-albumin solution

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13
Q

What urine output is oliguric?

A

<30ml/h

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14
Q

What amount of fluid should be initially given if oliguric?

A

1L over 2-4h

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15
Q

Maintenence fluid for adults and elderly

A

Adults: 3L per 24 hours
Elderly: 2L per 24 hours

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16
Q

Who should dopamine antagonists e.g. metoclopramide be avoided in?

A

Parkinson’s
Young women

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17
Q

As required medication for mild pain

A

Codeine 30mg up to 6 hourly

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18
Q

Severe pain regular medication

A

Co-codamol 30/500 2 tablets 6 hourly

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19
Q

Which drugs can cause low platelets?

A

Penicillamine
Heparin

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20
Q

Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic?

A

Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Tetracycline

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21
Q

Which drugs can cause cholestasis?

A

Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Nitrofurantoin
Steroids
Sulphonylurea

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22
Q

What to do if gentamicin monitoring point is above q48h area

A

Repeat the gentamicin level and only re-dose when concentration is <1mg/L

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23
Q

How to treat insomnia

A

Deal with problem causing insomnia first e.g. give steroids in the morning

Zopiclone 7.5mg adults / 3.75mg elderly

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24
Q

Anaphylaxis adrenaline dose for adults

A

0.5mg (1:1000 dilution)

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25
Q

Cardiac arrest adrenaline dose for adults

A

1mg (1:10,000 dilution)

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26
Q

At what serum concentrations are toxic levels of lithium likely to manifest?

A

above 1.5mmol/L

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27
Q

What should be monitored before and regularly in a patient prescribed olanzapine?

A

Glucose

Risk of diabetes

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28
Q

Baseline investigation before amiodarone treatment

A

CXR

29
Q

Which abx is contraindicated with methotrexate?

A

Trimethoprim

due to bone marrow suppression

30
Q

Normal glucose intake

A

50-100g/24hrs

31
Q

Which drugs can cause hyperkalaemia?

A

ACEi and ARBs
LMWH
Tacrolimus
Ciclosporin
Potassium-sparing diuretics e.g. amiloride

32
Q

Which drugs can cause hyponatraemia

A

Diuretics
TCAs e.g. amitriptyline
SSRIs
Carbamazepine
Sulfonylureas
Cyclophosphamide

33
Q

Drugs that can cause low neutrophil count

A

Carbamazepine
Clozapine
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim

34
Q

What is the loading dose of vancomycin based on?

A

Weight

35
Q

What electrolyte imbalance does metformin cause?

A

Lactic acidosis

36
Q

How much is long acting insulin changed by before surgery?

A

Reduce by 20%

37
Q

NBM insulin requirements

A

Continue basal, stop bolus

38
Q

Insulin requirments if sick

A

Just monitor more

39
Q

Metformin changes if >1 meal missed

A

Omit metformin and start VRII

40
Q

Low and high risk of AKI, metformin change

A

Continue if low
Stop and start VRII if high

41
Q

When should surgery be delayed if a diabetic is on insulin

A

glucose >12
ketones >3 or +++

42
Q

How is VRII made up

A

50U actrapid in 50ml 0.9% saline
IV glucose given alongside

43
Q

Cancer risk in COCP (ethinylestradiol with levonorgestrel)

A

Breast and cervical

44
Q

Is contraception needed when starting COCP or POP

A

Condoms for 7 days (if COCP) or 2 days (if POP) if not started in first 5 days of cycle

45
Q

At what point in taking COCP is emergency contraception needed if 2+ pills are missed?

A

Pill-free interval or week 1

46
Q

What happens if you miss 2+ COCP in week 3?

A

Finish the pills in her current pack and start a new pack the next day; thus omitting the pill free interval

47
Q

What is the maximum potassium rate?

A

10mmol/hour

48
Q

Fluid for hypernatraemia?

A

5% dextrose

49
Q

Paediatrics fluids

A

100ml/kg for first 10kg
50ml/kg for 11-20kg
20ml/kg for next above 20kg

Max 2L in females, 2.5L in males

50
Q

Fluid bolus if HF, ACS, old, child

A

250ml STAT over 15 mins

51
Q

Max amount of fluid bolus before you need to call for help

A

2000ml

52
Q

Which fluids should be avoided in stroke patients?

A

Glucose (risk of cerebral oedema)

53
Q

Which drug should be avoided in patients allergic to aspirin?

A

Sulfalazine

54
Q

Which drug should not be prescribed with a statin?

A

Clarithromycin

55
Q

What should be done if the trough and peak levels of gentamicin are raised?

A

Trough - increase intervals e.g. TDS to BD
Peak - reduce dose

56
Q

When should acetylcysteine be started in paracetamol OD?

A

Staggered overdose
8-24 hours after ingestion of an acute overdose of more than 150 mg/kg
>24 hours and symptoms

57
Q

Which medications are usually taken at night?

A

Statins
Amitriptyline

58
Q

When do steroids need to be tapered?

A

Received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week
Received more than 3 weeks treatment

59
Q

Examples of rapid, short, and long acting insulin

A

Rapid: aspart (NovoRapid), lispro (Humalog)
Short: Actrapid, Humilin
Long: detemir (Levemir), glargine (Lantus)

60
Q

Drugs causing renal impairment

A

DAMN L

Diuretics, digoxin
ACEi, ARBs
Metformin
NSAIDs

Lithium

61
Q

At what BP should HRT be stopped?

A

> 160/>95

62
Q

At what ALT level should statins be stopped?

A

> 3x upper limit

63
Q

Which laxative should be used when taking opioids?

A

Lactulose

64
Q

Treatment of hypoglycaemia if unconscious and IV access present

A

100ml 20% glucose for 20 mins

65
Q

Anti-emetic post abdo surgery

A
  1. Ondansetron
  2. Cyclizine
66
Q

When is haloperidol used as an anti-emetic?

A

Chemical causes
Renal failure
Drug induced

67
Q

Which opioids are safe in renal impairment?

A

Fentanyl
Buprenorphine

68
Q

Which opioid if eGFR 30-60?

A

Oxycodone

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