PS 206 Final

Question 1

how does bentham measure utility?

Answer 1

it’s intensity and duration

Question 2

the first proponent of utilitarianism was

Answer 2

jeremy bentham

Question 3

sandel argues that utilitarianism is liable to which important objection?

Answer 3

it fails to protect individual rights

Question 4

when analyzing the case of killing the cabin boy Richard Parker, Sandel identifies which objection to the argument that the killing was justified to save the other three?
a. both of these
b. that all of the costs of the killing, on the balance, outweigh the benefits
c. that killing is wrong even if it has, on balance, beneficial consequences
d. neither of these

Answer 4

Neither of these

Question 5

bentham argued that any objection to utilitarianism rests on

Answer 5

utilitarianism itself

Question 6

mill tries to defend utilitarianism from one objection by distinguishing between

Answer 6

higher and lower pleasure

Question 7

mill argues that utilitarianism is compatible with

Answer 7

rights such as individual liberty

Question 8

according to mill, we may interfere with the actions of other only for the sake of

Answer 8

self-protection

Question 9

sandel argues that to defend utilitarianism from objections, mill must appeal to

Answer 9

values outside of utilitarianism, such as character of dignity

Question 10

mill’s defense of liberty rests on which conception of utility?

Answer 10

utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interest of man as a progressive being

Question 11

mill argues that silencing discussion presumes

Answer 11

infallibility

unable to be wrong

Question 12

according to mill, true opinions, if left unchallenged, become

Answer 12

dead dogmas

people have little idea of why they accept it

Question 13

mill argues that wrong opinions

Answer 13

gradually yield to fact and argument

Question 14

often, mill suggests, conflicting doctrines are both

Answer 14

partly true and partly false

Question 15

the liberty of the press, mill asserts, is

Answer 15

one of the securities against corrupt or tyrannical government

Question 16

singer argues that if you do not donate to international aid agencies, then

Answer 16

you are doing something wrong

Question 17

What is an objection to his position that Singer considers?

Answer 17

People who earn money are entitled to spend it on themselves, there is no universal moral code, we have no duty to those to whom we have done no wrong

Question 18

singer argues that the middle-class in industrialized societies live

Answer 18

better than kings of centuries ago

Question 19

peter singer compares the situation of the global poor to

Answer 19

a drowning child

Question 20

according to data presented by singer, most americans believe that

Answer 20

the US gives much more foreign aid than it actually does

Question 21

Locke says that when you appropriate property in the state of nature, you must

Answer 21

leave as much and as good for others

Question 22

if someone violates your rights in the state of nature, according to locke you may

Answer 22

both punish him and seek reparation for your injury

Question 23

how may one become a slave, according to Locke?

Answer 23

by committing an act that deserves death

Question 24

Locke says that the state of nature is governed by

Answer 24

The laws of nature

care and preservation of oneself

Question 25

locke thinks that when labor is mixed with natural resources, the value of what results comes mostly from

Answer 25

The Labor

Question 26

nozick characterizes his own theory of justice as employing what kind of principles?

Answer 26

historical

Question 27

sandel argues the libertarianism is opposed to

Answer 27

Morals legislation, redistribution of income or wealth, paternalistic legislation

Question 28

nozick argues that any state larger than the minimal state

Answer 28

violates people's rights

Question 29

what principles does nozick endorse:

Answer 29

t 1. Justice in acquisition 2. Rectificaiton 3. justice in transfer

Question 30

nozick compares taxation for redistribution with

Answer 30

forced labor

Question 31

sandel considers which objection to taxing michael jordan?

Answer 31

Jordan has concented to being taced because he lives in a democracy, he is lucky, the poor need the money more

Question 32

which phrase best captures the friedmans' position

Answer 32

life is not fair

Question 33

sandel argues that a committed libertarian would approve of banning

Answer 33

Minmium wage, consensual cannibalism, economic regulations

Question 34

what alternative do the friedmans suggest that could perform some of the functions currently undertaken by the government?

Answer 34

philanthropic activity

Question 35

The friedmans argue that a government that tries to achieve equality of outcomes

Answer 35

will destory Freedom

Question 36

sandel argues that one can object to a volunteer army on the grounds that

Answer 36

it is unfair and coercive

Question 37

the fact that women in poorer countries can now serve as surrogates for well-off couples means that

Answer 37

surrogate motherhood is both less expensive for those purchasing it and more lucrative (relative to what they can otherwise earn) to the surrogate mother

Question 38

sandel argues that if you accept the system of a volunteer (that is, paid) military, then you may have little reason to oppose

Answer 38

both libertarianism and utilitarianism

Question 39

rawls's hypothetical situation in which people choose principles of justice is called

Answer 39

the original position

Question 40

sandel argues that contracts embody which ideal?

Answer 40

Autonomy and Reciporcity | Self governess & exchange 4 mutual benifit

Question 41

the device in rawls's theory that deprives agents of knowledge about themselves is called

Answer 41

the veil of ignorance

Question 42

which of the following describes sandel's account of the relation between consent and obligation?

Answer 42

consent is neither necessary nor sufficient to establish obligation

Question 43

rawls's principle that limits inequality is called

Answer 43

The difference principle

Question 44

while rawls agrees with the friedmans that some things in life are not fair (like the distribution of natural talents), he insists that

Answer 44

the way institutions deal with this can be fair or unfair

Question 45

What is an objection to rawls's theory discussed by sandel?

Answer 45

It doesn't reward effort, it undermines incentives

Question 46

which conception of opportunity does rawls endorse

Answer 46

fair equality of opportunity

Question 47

rawls's first principle of justice protects

Answer 47

equal basic liberties

Question 48

sandel argues that the issue of affirmative action shows that it is difficult to separate issues of justice and rights from issues of

Answer 48

honor and virtue

Question 49

an argument for affirmative action that sandel considers is

Answer 49

correcting for differences in educaitonal backgrounds, promoting diversity, compensating for past wrongs

Question 50

sandel argues that affirmative action takes us back to the issue of

Answer 50

moral desert vs. legitimate expectations

Question 51

overall, dworkin argues

Answer 51

in favor of affirmative action

Question 52

one objection to affirmative action that dworkin considers and rejects is the idea that it

Answer 52

violates individual rights

Question 53

In chapter 5 of the politics, aristotle argues that some people are slaves

Answer 53

By nature

Question 54

sandel suggests that arguments about justice are often

Answer 54

the purpose of a social institution

Question 55

In PGA tour v.s. Martinthe supreme court ruled that

Answer 55

martin's request for a waiver of the walking rule should be granted

Question 56

sandel argues that as issues in the casey martin case is the question

Answer 56

what virtues does golf honor?

Question 57

in chapter 2 of the politics, aristotle asserts that man is by nature

Answer 57

a political animal

Question 58

within certain limits, walzer argues that a political community

Answer 58

may control its own membership rules

Question 59

which group is entitled to a road to citizenship, according to walzer?

Answer 59

longtime guest workers

Question 60

walzer characterizes his argument as

Answer 60

radically particularist | each political group has the right ot promote their own interest

Question 61

walzer makes an analogy between membership in a political community and ... | 3 of them

Answer 61

Clubs, families, neighborhoods

Question 62

one policy considered by walzer is

Answer 62

White australia

Question 63

sandel argues that the modern conception of the choosing self leads naturally to the idea that

Answer 63

the government should be morally neutral

Question 64

who turned in his brother, the unabomber, rebuttling Waltzer's claim was

Answer 64

David Kacynski

Question 65

sandel argues that the issues of apologies and reparations for past wrongs raises the question of

Answer 65

whether we are responsible only for what we ourselves do

Question 66

sandel argues that the liberal attempt to avoid moral or religious controversies

Answer 66

cannot succeed

Question 67

which of the following, according to sandel, defends a version of "the choosing self?"

Answer 67

John locke, Immanuel Kant, John Rawls

Question 68

which policy issues does sandel argue cannot be decided without first deciding certain religious questions

Answer 68

abortion and stem cell research

Question 69

one objection that rawls responds to is that the idea of an overlapping consensus reflects

Answer 69

skepticism about truth

Question 70

rawls idea of an overlapping consensus is based on the fact

Answer 70

of reasonable pluralism

Question 71

rawls theory sees people as free in the sense that

Answer 71

they may form their own conception of the good

Question 72

michael kinsley argues for which position on marriage?

Answer 72

end the institution of legal marriage

Question 73

sandel's proposed "new politics of the common good" includes which feature?

Answer 73

Promoting solidarity and civic virtue, community service, limiting markets

Question 74

justice marshall's judicial opinion holds that limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples

Answer 74

violates the values of individual liberty and equality

Question 75

what issues were present in mary beth whitehead's surrogacy case?

Answer 75

Tainted consent, commodification, inequality

Question 76

what was the lexical order of rawls' principles of equality?

Answer 76

equal basic liberty, fair equality of opportunity, difference principle