PS 147 Essay Questions

Question 1

Colonialism

Answer 1

the policy by which a country maintains control over territories distant from it, especially in order to exploit them economically

Question 2

Causes of colonialism

Answer 2

• Secure sources of raw materials, precious metals, and other natural resources
• Intra-European markets (realism)
• Secure markets for international capital
• Superior military technology

Question 3

Effects of Colonialism

Answer 3

• Establish boundaries of modern states
  
  • Creation of multiethnic states
  • Creation of landlocked, resource poor states
• Creation of political institutions, passed on to colonies at independence
• Economic structures
  - restrictions against development of native industries competing with colonizers
  - trade restrictions
  - resource extraction (taxes, minerals, etc.)
  - establishment of monoculture economies
• Changes in Social Structure
  - Who would become elites and who would lose power?
  - introduction of new minorities
  - effects of slave trade

Question 4

Colonialisms impact on the US

Answer 4

• Colonized by the British: indirect rule, democratic, invested in education
• Rich in gold, minerals: created economies of extraction
• Colonized by settlers who brought families to work their own land: small farmer model, relatively equal distribution of wealth

Question 5

Colonialisms impact on Latin America

Answer 5

Colonized by the Spanish: low investment, high extraction

• High level of cultural and population destruction
• No easy wealth: creates economy of production
• Colonized by soldiers and adventurers who wanted to get rich, came alone: “encomienda” model, highly unequal distribution of wealth

Question 6

Increases in household income is generally associated with

Answer 6

reduced child mortality risks, the marginal impact is almost 20 times as large if the income is in the hands of the mother rather than the father

Question 7

Identification of women being

Answer 7

a reliable, productive and cheap labor force makes them the preferred workforce for textiles and electronic transnational corporations

Question 8

Perceptions of women as

Answer 8

‘good with money’ including being better at paying back loans, has led them to being targeted in microfinance programs
EX: GRAMEEN BANK

Question 9

Recognition of women as more efficient distributors

Answer 9

of goods and services within the household has led to them being targeted with resources aimed at alleviating poverty, such as Cash transfer programs

Question 10

Educated women

Answer 10

are more likely to invest in the education of their own children, and they are also more likely to have fewer children.

Thus, investment in human capital has positive short and long term/intergenerational outcomes and is good for both productivity gains and limiting unsustainable population growth

Question 11

Population Policy:

Answer 11

means more economic development by giving education to girls so they will have fewer children

Question 12

Development benefits of education policy

Answer 12

• Lowering population growth
• Healthier Children
• More skilled workforce
• Produce technological innovations
• For individuals, education raises incomes/job opportunities, reduces poverty