Prunuske: EKG Flashcards
What is the common method for deducing rate on an EKG?
300 150 100 75 60 50
How do you check for sinus rhythm on an EKG?
P wave before every QRS and a QRS for every P
What do you check the PR interval for?
AV blocks
What do you check the QRS interval for?
Bundle blocks
What does prolonged QT interval look like on an EKG?
1/2 the R to R distance
What does a. flutter look like?
Saw tooth sequence of atrial complexes
Identical p waves
What does supraventricular tachycardia look like?
P and T waves merge (QRS narrow is a sign that it’s supraventricular)
What does a fib look like?
Polymorphic p waves d/t conduction starting in different places
What does ventricular tachycardia look like?
Wide QRS complex (>3 little boxes)
What does ventricular fibrillation look like?
> 300
NO R to R waves
Wide polymorphic QRS
What does a PVC look like on an EKG?
wide QRS complexes
Unifocal- all look the same
multifocal- variable origin
What does a PAC look like?
P waves are IN the PACs but they aren’t of sinus origin
What does a junctional rhythm look like?
In a junctional rhythm the impulse comes from the AV node. (SA node doesn’t control the heart rhythm d/t the block).
NO p waves
What would you see in a junctional block?
No QRS after each p
What is an AV block?
Block that delyas/prevents atrial impulses from reaching the ventricles
What does a first degree block look like on an EKG?
Prolonged PR interval > 1 square
What does a second degree type I block look like on an EKG?
There’s a P before every QRS, but NOT a QRS after every P. PR increases until it DROPS a QRS.
What does a 2nd degree type II block look like?
Doesn’t have a progressive pattern and there are ps without QRSs.
What does a 3rd degree block look like?
P waves are regular but they don’t line up with the QRS b/c the ventricle is beating on it’s own.
What is Torsades de pointes?
Prolonged QT precedes rhythm that leads to ventricular tachycardia
What is a normal axis?
0-90 degrees
Lead I: pos
aVF: pos
What else is a normal axis?
-30 to 0 degrees
I: pos
aVF: neg
II: pos
What is a left axis deviation?
-30 to 90
I: pos
aVF: neg
(also requires a negative II lead)
What is right axis deviation?
+90 to +180
I: neg
aVF: pos
What is extreme axis deviation?
-90 to -180
I: neg
aVF: neg
What is the differential for left axis deviation?
LVH
left anterior fascicular block
inferior wall MI
What is the differential for right axis deviation?
RVH
left posterior fascicular block
lateral wall MI
What is indicative of LVH?
S wave in V1 (V2) + R wave in V5 (V6) > 35 mm
What is indicative of RVH?
R wave > S wave in v1 and gets progressively smaller in v1 to v6
What leads to you look for atrial hypertrophy in?
v1 and II
What is indicative of RAH?
Peaked p wave in lead II > 2.5 mm
What is indicative of LAH?
notched, wide >3mm p wave terminus in II
Symmetrical T wave inversion is indicative of…
Ischemia
What leads should you look for ischemia in?
I, II
V2-6
ST elevation/depression is indicative of…
injury
Pathological Q waves is indicative of…
Infarct
The Q wave must be at least ONE small square wide or 1/3 the entire QRS heights
What leads represent the anterioseptal wall?
v1-2
What leads represents the anterior wall?
v3-4
what lead represents the anteriolateral wall?
v5-6
What lead represents the inferior wall?
II, III, AVF
What leads represent the lateral wall?
I, AVL
What lead represents the posterior wall?
v1, v2
