Protozoans and Worms I and II (large group)

Question 1

Entamoeba histolytica (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 1

Amebae (protozoan)

Infectious form: cyst

Source: Fecal/Oral; person to person

Diagnosis: cysts or amebae

Disease: Dysentery liver abscesses

Question 2

Giardia (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 2

Flagellate (protozoan)

Infectious form: cyst

Source: Fecal/Oral

Diagnosis: cyst or trophozoite

Disease: Diarrhea

Question 3

Trichomonas (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 3

Flagellate (protozoan)

Infectious form: trophozoite

Source: STD

Diagnosis: trophozoite

Disease: trichomoniasis (foul-smelling vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination in women)

Question 4

Leishmania (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 4

Flagellate (protozoan)

Infectious form: promastigote

Source: sand fly

Diagnosis: amastigotes

Disease: leishmaniasis, Kala Azar

The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose, and the visceral form starts with skin ulcers and then later presents with fever, low red blood cells, and enlarged spleen and liver.

Question 5

Trypanosomes (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 5

Flagellate (protozoan)

Infectious form: trypomastigote

Source: tsetse fly, kissing bug

Diagnosis: trypomast., tryp/amastig

Disease: sleeping sickness (Early symptoms include fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. Later stages may include behavior changes, confusion, and poor coordination.) , Chagas disease (swelling and fever; left untreated, it can cause congestive heart failure

Question 6

Plasmodium (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 6

(protozoan)

Infectious form: sporozoite

Source: anopheles

Diagnosis: merozoites; schizonts; gametozoites

Disease: malaria

Question 7

Toxoplasma (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 7

protozoan

Infectious form: cysts; oocysts

Source: meat; F/O (cat)

Diagnosis: sporozoites; pseudocyst

Disease: toxoplasmosis

Question 8

Cyclospora (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 8

protozoan

Infectious form: oocysts (8-10um)

Source: fecal oral

Diagnosis: acid fast oocysts

Disease: diarrhea

Question 9

Cryptosporidium (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 9

protozoan

Infectious form: oocysts (4-6 um)

Source: fecal oral

Diagnosis: acid fast oocysts

Disease: diarrhea

Question 10

Enterobious (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 10

“Pinworm”
Nematode (helminth)

Infectious form: eggs, larvae

Source: fecal oral, autoinfection, person to person

Diagnosis: eggs

Disease: diarrhea, pruritus

Question 11

Strongyloides (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 11

Nematode (helminth)

Infectious form: rhabditiform larvae

Source: environment, autoinfection

Diagnosis: larvae in feces

Disease: cutaneous, pulmonary, intestinal hyperinfection

Question 12

Ascaris (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 12

Nematode (helminth)

Infectious form: eggs (embrionated)

Source: fecal oral

Diagnosis: worm, eggs

Disease: obstruction, intestinal

Question 13

Trichinella (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 13

Nematode (helminth)

Infectious form: cyst

Source: meat

Diagnosis: larvae muscle

Disease: trichinosis

Question 14

Wuchereria (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 14

Nematode (helminth)

Infectious form: microfilaria

Source: mosquito

Diagnosis: microfilaria peripheral blood

Disease: filariasis (swelling in the legs, arms, and genitalia); elephantiasis

Question 15

Schistosoma (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 15

Trematode (helminth)

Infectious form: larvae skin

Source: water

Diagnosis: eggs

Disease: schistosomiasis (rash, itchy skin, fever, chills, cough, headache, belly pain, joint pain, and muscle aches)

Question 16

Taenia solium (infectious form, source, diagnosis, disease, what is it?)

Answer 16

“pork worm”
Cestode (helminth)

Infectious form: cysticerci (larvae) eggs

Source: meat, autoinfection

Diagnosis: eggs, gravid proglottids, scolex

Disease: cysticercosis (lumps under the skin, seizure, headache)