Protozoal Pharmacology

Question 1

Treatment of E. histolytica colitis / liver abscess

Answer 1

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Chloroquine

+ Intestinal amebicide

Question 2

Treatment of asymptomatic E. histolytica luminal infection

Answer 2

Paromomycin

Question 3

Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 3

Metronidazole

Question 4

Treatment of T. brucei gambiense (West African) - Stage I

Answer 4

Suramin or Pentamadine

Question 5

Treatment of T. brucei gambiense (W. African) - Stage II

Answer 5

Eflornithine or Melasporol

Question 6

Treatment of T. brucei rhodesiense (E. African)

Answer 6

Suramin

Question 7

Treatment of Pinworm

Answer 7

Mebendazole

Question 8

Treatment of Whipworm

Answer 8

Mebendazole

Question 9

Treatment of Hookworm

Answer 9

Mebendazole or Albendazole

Question 10

Treatment for Hydatid Cyst (canine tapeworm)

Answer 10

Albendazole

Question 11

Drug of choice for Giardia

Answer 11

Metronidazole

Question 12

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis (non-AIDS)

Answer 12

Nitazoxanide (a metronidazole derivative)

Question 13

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis (AIDS)

Answer 13

Paromomycin

Question 14

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 14

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

Question 15

Alternative treatment for PCP

Answer 15

Pentamadine

Question 16

Alternative treatment for T. brucei gambiense

Answer 16

Pentamadine

Question 17

Treatment of Whipworm

Answer 17

Mebendazole

Question 18

Treatment of Ascariasis

Answer 18

Mebendazole or Albendazole

Question 19

Treatment of Pinworm

Answer 19

Mebendazole

Question 20

What infections is Mebendazole used for?

Answer 20

Hookworm
Whipworm
Pinworm
Ascariasis

Question 21

Treatment of inoperable hydatid cyst disease

Answer 21

Albendazole

Question 22

Treatment of cysticercosis

Answer 22

Albendazole

Question 23

Treatment of strongyloidiasis

Answer 23

Thiabendazole

Question 24

Treatment of Leishmaniasis

Answer 24

Sodium stibogluconate

Question 25

Alternative to mebendazole

Answer 25

Pyrantel pamoate Alternative treatment of pinworm, hookworm, ascariasis

Question 26

Praziquantel - Uses

Answer 26

All tapeworms and flukes EXCEPT for: Cysticercosis (T. solium) and Hydatid disease - Albendazole preferred for both

Question 27

Primaquine

Answer 27

Tissue schizonticide; only drug effective against latent forms of P. vivax and P. ovale Used in combination with blood schizonticide to control acute phase of infections

Question 28

Chloroquine - Uses

Answer 28

Erythrocyte stages of P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and CQ-sensitive P. falciparum

Question 29

Chloroquine - Mechanism

Answer 29

Concentrates in the food vacuole of malaria parasite; interferes with detoxification of ROS formed by heme breakdown

Question 30

Quinine - Uses

Answer 30

Treatment and cure of erythrocytic stages of CQ-resistant P. falciparum; used in combination with one of a variety of antibiotics depending on local resistance

Question 31

What other antibiotics are commonly used with Quinine?

Answer 31

``` Pyrimethamine - sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine - sulfadiazine Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole Clindamycin Tetracycline Doxycycline ```

Question 32

Cinchonism

Answer 32

Adverse effect of Quinine Visual/auditory dysfunction + GI symptoms

Question 33

Mefloquine

Answer 33

Treatment / cure / prophylaxis of CR P. falciparum

Question 34

Malarone - Mechanism

Answer 34

i.e. Proguanil + Atovaquone Proguanil is a DHFR inhibitor; atovaquone inhibits pyrimidine biosynthesis. Combined, they cause collapse of the mitochondrion proton gradient

Question 35

Artemisinin

Answer 35

Recommended as primary treatment for mDR P. falciparum; used in conjunction with lumefantrine (chloroquine analog) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine

Question 36

What drugs can be used for P. falciparum prophylaxis?

Answer 36

Malarone (Proguanil + Atovaquone) Doxycycline

Question 37

Primary treatment of MDR P. falciparum

Answer 37

Quinine PLUS Tetracycline - or- Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine - or- Clindamycin

Question 38

Primary treatment for P. vivax

Answer 38

Quinine _ tetracycline / pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine / clindamcin + Primaquine

Question 39

Alternative treatment for MDR P. falciparum

Answer 39

Malarone | Mefloquine

Question 40

Treatment of elephantiasis (wucheria bancrofti)

Answer 40

Diethylcarbamazine