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CRG RUSVM Parasit > Protozoa pt 5 > Flashcards

Protozoa pt 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcocystis neurona common name

A

(EPM) Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

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2
Q

Sarcocystis neurona Definitive host

A

opossum

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3
Q

Sarcocystis neurona Intermediate host

A

-cat, striped skunk, armadillo, fishers, raccoons, etc

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4
Q

Sarcocystis neurona aberrant host

A

-horse

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5
Q

Sarcocystis neurona ppp

A

7-14 days

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6
Q

Sarcocystis neurona pp

A

1 week to several months

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7
Q

Sarcocystis neurona after ingestion and matures into______ int the ______ take _______

A
  • sarcocyst
  • muscle
  • 2-3 months
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8
Q

Sarcocystis neurona normal life cycle

A
  • Gametogony in final host

- Schizogony in termediate host leads to bradyzoites in muscle tissue

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9
Q

Sarcocystis neurona accidental life cycle

A

-Schizonnts develop into horse’s neurons, not in muscle cells

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10
Q

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: final host

A

-Final host non path

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11
Q

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: intermediate host

A

-intermediate host pathogenic effect due to 2nd schizogony in vascular endothelium

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12
Q

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: accidental host

A

-pathogenic due to 3rd schizogony in nervous tissue rather than muscle

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13
Q

Sarcocystis neurona clinical signs: horses

A
  • progressively debilitating disease affecting cns, brain, brainstem, and spinal cord
  • unusual lameness or seizures
  • difficulty with standing/walking
  • may progress very rapidly
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14
Q

what is important about EMP in the united states

A

-the most commonly diagnosed infectious equine neurologic disease

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15
Q

EPM diagnosis: antemortem

A
  • clinical signs
  • western blotting, 14, 13 and 3 kDa
  • PCR-CSF
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16
Q

EPM diagnosis: postmortem

A

-histopathological demonstration of S. neurona in CNS

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17
Q

Sarcocystis neurona treatment and prevention

A
  • opossum control critical: prevent opossums defecating where horses are fed
  • antiprotozoals can rid horse of Sarcocystis neurona organisms, but cns damage may remain
18
Q

Sarcocystis neurona EPM treatment prognosis

A
  • applied ASAP

- successful recovery in 70-75%

19
Q

Neospora spp. final host

A

-Dog/other canids

20
Q

Neospora spp. intermediate host

A

-dog, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, others

21
Q

Neospora spp. ID

A

-oocysts 12 micron and color less

22
Q

Neospora spp. life cycle

A
  • gametogony in dog

- sporulated oocysts ingested by IH (including dog), excyst and enter cells extraintestinally

23
Q

Neospora spp. most infections occur in ____ via_____

A
  • Cattle and dog

- transplacentally (tachyzoites)

24
Q

Neospora spp. what is the infective stage for the final host

A

-Bradyzoites in cysts (in neural cells)

25
Q

Neospora spp. infective stage for IH

A

sporulated oocyst

26
Q

Neospora spp. site of infection FH

A

Intestine

27
Q

Neospora spp. site of infection IH

A
  • many types of cells

- predilection site CNS

28
Q

Neospora spp. pathogenesis/lesions/CS

A
  • cells of CNS/heart/muscle/liver/kidney/all organs
  • Tachyzoites cause cells to die
  • abortion in cattle at 3-9 month preg (most 4-6mo)
  • Fetus: brain most consistently affected and encephalitis most common lesion
29
Q

Neospora spp. Diagnosis

A
  • Serology on serum and CSF
  • Samples of tissues at necropsy
  • differentiation T. gondii and sarcocystis spp
30
Q

Neospora spp. Treatment and prevention

A
  • no drug effective against tissue cysts in cattle
  • prevent contact with feces from infected dogs
  • good hygiene
  • proper dispose of aborted fetuses
  • vaccinate healthy cows in first trimester to reduce abortion
31
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. common name

A

crypto

32
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. host

A
  • wide range of vertebrate hosts

- cross infection among host species

33
Q

which Cryptosporidium spp. has cattle as a host

A
  • C. parvum (cattle younger than 3 wk)

- C. andersoni (older calves weaned and adult cattle and infects abomasum)

34
Q

which Cryptosporidium spp. has humans as a host

A
  • C. parvum

- C. hominis (previously a type of C. parvum)

35
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. ID

A

-oocysts 4-8 microns, transparent
-similar to other coccidia except
=smaller and at the microvillar surface of epithelial cells
=neonatal or young animals

36
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. life cycle

A

-direct
autoinfection
ingestion
inhalation

37
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. site of infection

A
  • epithelial cells of digestive tract

- the respiratory tract

38
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. Pathogenesis/lesions/CS

A
  • may be inapparent
  • diarrhea
  • immunocompromised patients at high risk
39
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. diagnosis

A
  • oocysts in fecal slides: (direct or conc sugar floatation and stain)
  • acid fast stains such as ziehl-neelsen stains parasite red
  • ELISA for detection of specific antigens
  • IFA
40
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. treatment and prevention

A
  • none
  • supportive therapy
  • use filters with 4 micron aperture
  • sanitation
  • reportable

CRG RUSVM Parasit (4 decks)

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