PROTOZOA + MALARIA Flashcards
On the outer edge
Accole
A small, ovoid, nonflagellated form of the order Kinetoplastid flagellata. Notable structures include a mitochondrial kinetoplastid and a large nucleus. Also called Leishman-Donovan body or leishmanial form
Amastigote
An organism having a hardsegmented exoskeleton and paired, jointed legs.
Athropod
The intracellular portion of a flagellum.
Axoneme
The axial rod functioning as a support in flagellates
Axostyle
The basal body origin of the flagella that supports the undulating membrane in kinetoplastid flagellates
Blepharoplast
Slowly multiplying intracellular trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii; intracellular tissue cysts in immune hosts contain bradyzoites that continue dividing within the cyst. Bradyzoites are also found in sarcocysts
Bradyzoites
Basophilic nuclear DNA
Chromatin
Rod-shaped structures of condensed RNA material within the cytoplasm of some ameba cysts.
Chromatid bars
Multiple hairlike processes attached to a surface of a cell; functions for motility through fluids at the surface of a protozoon.
Cilia
A phylum containing protozoa that move by means of cilia; they have two dissimilar nuclei.
Cillophora
the stage of Plasmodium spp. that develops inliver cells from the inoculated sporozoites. Also called the exoerythrocytic stage or tissue stage.
cryptozoite
Pertaining to the skin.
cutaneous
The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.
cyst
The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.
cyst
The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.
cyst
rudimentary mouth
cytosomes
a disorder marked by bloody diarrhea or mucus in feces
dysentery
The gelatinous cytoplasmic material beneath the cell membrane.
ectoplasm
The fluid inner cytoplasmic material in a cell.
endoplasm
The small massof chromatin within thenucleus, comparable to a nucleolus of metazoan cells (also termed karyosome).
endosome
flatenned, spindle-shaped, flagellated forms seen primarily ni the gut (e.g., ni thereduviid bug) or salivary glands (e.g., ni the tsetse fly) oftheinsect vectors in the life cycle of trypanosomes; theyhave an undulatingmembrane that extends
from theflagellum (attached alongthe anterior half of the organism) to the small kinetoplast located just anteriorly tothe larger nucleus located at the midpoint of the organism.
epimastigote
Transformation from a cyst to a trophozoite after the cystic form has been swallowed by the host.
excystation
the process whereby a sporozoan microgametocyte releases haploid flagellated microgametes that can fertilize a macrogamete and thus form a diploid zygote (ookinete).
exflagellation
an extension of ectoplasm that provides locomotion; resembles atail that moves with a whiplike motion.
flagellum
Objects that canadsorb and harbor organisms and cause human infectionthrough direct contact (e.g., doorknob, pencil, towel).
formites
mature sex cells
gametes
a sex cell produce gametes
gametocyte
the phase of the development cycle of the malarial and coccidial parasite in the human In which male and female gametocytes are formed.
gametogony
long-surviving modified liver schizonts of P. vivax and. ovale that are the source of relapsing infections in these species.
hypnozoites
an accessory body found in many protozoa, especially in the family Trypanosomatidae, consisting of a large mitochondrion next to the basal granule (blepharoplast) of the anterior or undulating membrane flagellum; contains mitochondrial DNA. 30. A subphylum containing organisms that move by means of one or more flagella.
kinetoplast
Asexual multiplication in coccidian life cycle. Usually occurs In intestinalepithellum.
merogony
The many trophozoites released from human red blood cells or liver cells at maturation of the asexual cycle ofmalaria.
merozoites
An infection that originates in and si acquired from a medical facility. Infections present or incubating inside patients when they are admitted to the facility are not included in this definition.
nosocomial
The encysted form of the ookinete that occurs on the stomach wall of Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes infected with malaria.
oocysts
the fever-chills syndrome in malaria. Spiking fever corresponds to the release of merozoites and toxic materials from the rupturing parasitized red blood cells and shaking chills occur during subsequent schizont development. Occurs in malaria cyclically every 36 to 72 hours, depending on the species.
paroxysm
A flagellate form of trypanosoma in which the kinetoplast is located at the anterior end of the organism; it has no undulating membrane. This form is seen in the midgut and pharynx of vectors in the life cycle of the leishmania parasites and si the form that develops in culture media in vitro.
promastigote
A subkingdom consisting of unicellular eukaryotic animals.
protozoa
A protoplasmic extension of the trophozoite of ameba` that allows them to move and engulf food.
pseudopod
A cyst like structure with a membrane covering formed by the host following an acute infection with Toxoplasma gondil. The cystis filled with bradyzoites ni immunocompetent hosts; it may occur ni brain or other tissues. Latent source of that may
become active if immunosuppression occurs.
pseudocyts
A condition that may be seen in any malarial infection; infected red blood cells and accompanying symptoms reappear after a period of apparent “cure.” This situation reflects an inadequate immuneresponse bythehost or aninadequate responset o treatment.
recrudescence
Infective cyst containing banana-shaped bradyzoites.
sarcocysts
Asexual multiplication of Apicomplexa; multiple intracellular nuclear divisions precede cytoplasmic division.
schizogony
the developed stage of asexual division of the Sporozoa (e.g., Plasmodium spp. in a human red blood cell; Cystoisospora belli
in the intestinal wall).
schizont
The fertilized oocyst in which the sporozoites of Plasmodium have developed.
sporozoites
Sexual reproductionof Apicomplexa. Production of spores and sporozoites.
sporogony
Forms of Plasmodium that develop inside the sporocyst, invade the salivary glands of the mosquito, and are transmitted to the humans
sporozoites
The motile stage ofprotozoa in which they feed, multiply, and maintain the colony within the host.
trophozoites
A flagellate form with the kinetoplast located at the posterior end of the organism and the undulating membrane extending along the entire body from the flagellum (anterior end) to the posterior end at the blepharoplast. This form is seen in the blood ofhumans with trypanosomiasis and is the infective stage transmitted by the insect vectors.
trypomastigote
A protoplasmic membrane with a flagellar rim extending out like a fin alongthe outer edge of the body ofcertain protozoa; it moves in a wavelike pattern.
undulating membrane
the fertilized cell resulting fromt h e union of male and female gametes.
zygote
Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts are best detected in fecal specimens using the:
trichrome stain
The two parasitic organisms most commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea include:
giardia lamblia and crytoisporidium spp.
the malaria parasite characterized by the presence of multiple ring forms or”banana-shaped” gametocytes
in red blood cells is:
babesia spp.
The characteristic that most clearly differentiates cysts oflodamoeba bütschlil fromother amebic cysts is (are):
a large glycogen vacuoles
A blood parasite that invades reticulocytes, is characterized by single ring forms and Schüffner’s dots, and may cause a true relapse
plasmodium vivax
A 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital following a2-week history of low-grade fever, malaise, and anorexia. Examination of a Giemsastained blood film revealed many intraerythrocytic parasites. Further history revealed frequent East Coast camping trips near Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket Island but no travel outsidethe continental UnitedStates. Most likely, this parasite is:
none of the above
Amor’s note: I guess plasmodium spp esp P. malaria
The coccidian parasite that produces mild intestinal pathology ni humans and forwhich the human is the only definitive host is:
cystoisospora belli
- While examining a fecal specimen, Cystoisospora belli is suspected. The technologist would expect to see:
a. Cysts (8 to 10 m ) containing sporozoites
b. Oocysts (25 _ 14 um) that are acid fast
c. Cysts with red blood cell inclusions
d. Spores (2 um) that are acid fast
b. Oocysts (25 _ 14 um) that are acid fast
Material froma gum lesion isstained with trichrome, revealing ameba that have a single nucleus andcontain partiallydigested neutrophils. The most likely identification is:
entamoeba gingivalis
Concerning Toxoplasma gondi, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
a. Congenital infections can occur
b. Human infection occurs when oocysts are ingested
c. They arediagnosed by serology tests
d. Human infection occurs when sarcocysts are ingested in undercooked meat
e. Domestic cats are definitive hosts
d. Human infection occurs when sarcocysts are ingested in undercooked meat
Acanthamoeba keratitis isusually associatedwith
contaminated lens cleaning solutions
Concerning Enterocytozoon bieneusi, all ofthe following are true EXCEPT;
a. it is the most frequent Microsporidium infection found in AIDS patients
b. Infection occurs when sporesareingested
c. Infection occurs when sporesareinhaled
d. Infection occurswhen sporozoites are ingested
e. Infection occurs from blood transfusion
d. Infection occurs when sporozoites are ingested
The protozoa causing diarrhea that has been associated with raspberries, strawberries, herbs, and some vegetables is:
Cyclospora cayetanensis
blackwater fever is caused by
plasmodium falciparum
A 48-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after complaining of fever and shortness of breath. Radiographs revealed an enlarged heart and complete blood count smearresults revealed rare C-shaped trypomastigoteforms. The patient was an active military duty years ago in the PanamaCanal zone. The most likely parasite is:
tryponosoma cruzi
winterbottom sign is associated with
trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Fecal samples should be washed with saline only because washing withwater will destroy:
blastocystis hominis
A 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a severe headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms began suddenly 2 days after vacationing at a summer cabin situated on an inland lake. A spinal tap revealed a purulent CSF with no bacteria.A motile form resembling a leukocyte was observed on direct examination of the fluid. The most likely causative organism is:
naegleria fowleri
The parasite that may invadeand multiply in the liver or spleen is:
leishmania donovani
each of the small ovoid amastigote forms found ni tissue macrophages ofthe liver and spleen in patients with Leishmania donovani infection.
l.d body (leishman-donovan body)
Malaria parasite with 6 to 12 merozoites in the schizont
plasmodium malariae
C- or U-shaped body with a large kinetoplast
trypanosoma cruzi
Large kidneyshaped nucleus
balantidum coli
Trophozoite ingests red blood cells
entamoeba histolytica
Large glycogen vacuole
iodamoeba butschlii
Schizonts not seen in peripheral blood
Plasmodium falciparum,
Toxoplasma gondii, Cystoisospora belli
pseudocytes in brain
toxoplasma gondii
Oocysts found in human feces
cystoisospora belli
Commonly causes relapses of malaria
plasmodium vivax
tse tse fly
tryposoma brucei gambiense
Pathogenic intestinal flagellate
giardia lamblia
