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3 PID > Protozoa I > Flashcards

Protozoa I Flashcards

1
Q

What class of protozoa is flagellated?

A

mastigophora

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of flagellated protozoan in his list?

A

leishmania
trypanosoma
giardia
trichomonas

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3
Q

What does trypanosome cause?

A

sleeping sickness and chaga’s

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4
Q

What does trichomonad cause?

A

vaginitis STI

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5
Q

What class of protozoa is pseudopodia?

A

sarcodina

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6
Q

What are the 3 pseudopodia protozoa he listed?

A

entamoeba
naegleria
acanthamoeba

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7
Q

What sarcodina have a parasitic lifestyle?

A

entamoeba- dysentery, liver abscesses

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8
Q

What sarcodina have a free living lifestyle? what do they cause? What do you get them from?

A
  1. naegleria and acanthamoeba
  2. fatal meningoencephalitis, corneal ulcers
  3. from swimming in stagnant water
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9
Q

What is the one ciliophora protozoa he listed?

A

balantidium coli

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10
Q

What does plasmodium cause? Isospora? Cryptosporidium? Toxoplasma?

A
  1. malaria,
  2. diarrhea,
  3. diarrhea
  4. toxoplasmosis
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11
Q

What is a trophozoite?

A

asexual protozoa form (this form feeds)

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12
Q

What is a tachyzoite? bradyzoite?

A
  1. very active trophozoite

2. very low activity trophozoite

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13
Q

What is a hemoflagellate?

A

blood flagellated organism

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14
Q

What is an amastigote?

A

flagellated organism that has lost its flagella in vivo

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15
Q

What is a promastigote?

A

flagellated trophozoite

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16
Q

What is a trypomastigote?

A

trophozoite like trypanosoma

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17
Q

What is a cyst?

A

covered organism with a protective coat

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18
Q

What is an oocyst?

A

same as cyst but from sexual reprod.

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19
Q

What is a merozoite?

A

fission of multinucleate form of plasmodium

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20
Q

In terms of protozoa…what is immunity most often?

A

TDTH plus macrophages

[delayed type hypersensitivity]

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21
Q

What are the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii? How long are they infected?

A
  1. Cats- stray or on fam farms since cats are only 2. infective for a few weeks
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22
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii passed?

A

acquired from undercooked meat, oocysts in feces, other animals are intermediate hosts, animals get BRADYZOITES [main mech of transmission]

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23
Q

Are bradyzoites dormant?

A

yes

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24
Q

In toxoplasmosis, do humans form bradyzoites or tachyzoites?

A

Both

25
Q

What do tachyzoites do in humans?

A

cross placenta with fetus infections

26
Q

Toxopasmosis mainly effects who in humans?

A

fetus and aids patients

27
Q

Are 1st or 3rd trimester toxoplasmosis infection more common? more severe?

A

3rd is more common

1st is more sever

28
Q

In someone with toxoplasmosis, what are the presentations? 4

A
  1. CNS (encephalitis, headache, drowsiness, convulsions, coma)
  2. Lymphadenitis (fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, pain)
  3. pneumonitis
  4. Myocarditis
29
Q

Prenatal toxoplasmosis presents as what?

A

abortion, still birth to anything CNS (HUGE HEAD)

30
Q

How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?

A

serological tests and biopsy

31
Q

What is the treatment of toxoplasmosis?

A

sulfonamides and pyrimethamine/daraprim (SYNERGISTIC!)

32
Q

How do we prevent toxoplasmosis? immunity?

A
  1. proper cooking, don’t let pregos handle cat litter,

2. immunity is Th1 activating macrophages

33
Q

In toxoplasmosis what do we see in retinal exam? Do tachyzoites look like sickle cells?

A

chorioretinitis? kinda`

34
Q

Where does cryptosporidium parvum attach?

A

epithelial cells (extracellular maybe)

35
Q

Where is cryptosporidium parvum found?

A

many species of animals?

36
Q

What is the incubation period of cryptosporidium parvum? then what?

A

4-12 days
moderate to perfuse diarrhea.

Is very severe in AIDS or other compromised individuals (intractable in aids)

37
Q

How is diarrhea produced in cryptosporidium parvum? What do we look for in feces? Therapy

A
  1. unknown
  2. oocyst with 4 sporozoite
  3. no good therapy, but we use antibiotics
38
Q

What does immunity depend on for cryptosporidium parvum?

A

TDTH plus macrophage response

39
Q

What does isospora belli cause? when is it severe?

A

chronic diarrhea with pain, very severe with aids

40
Q

Is isospora belli an inter epithelial cell pathogen?

A

INTRAepithelial cell

41
Q

How do we diagnose isospora belli?

A

looking for mature oocysts

42
Q

What do we treat isospora belli with?

A

furazolidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

43
Q

What does giardia lamblia trophozoite look like? is it active?

A
  1. a face 2. metabolically and motile- movements like a leaf dropping
44
Q

Where does giardia lamblia live? how does it attach?

A

upper 2/3 of small intestine- where it attaches to the epithelium by a suction cup

45
Q

how does giardia lamblia divide? what does it form in feces?

A
  1. binary fission

2. dormant cysts in feces

46
Q

Where do humans get giardia lamblia?

A

drinking water contaminated by cysts

47
Q

What leads to excystment and growth and diarrhea in giardia lamblia?

A

acidity and temperature

48
Q

What is the clinical presentation of giardia lamblia?

A
  1. most asymptomatic

2. ill present with steatorrhea, foul smelling, malaise fatigue, cramps, flatulence, weight loss, reflux

49
Q

what is giardia lamblia incubation period?

A

2-3 weeks

50
Q

What is the mechanism of diarrhea in giardia lamblia?

A

unknown but the trophozoites leave an impression on the epithelium when they detach

51
Q

What is partially protective in giardia lamblia but does not provide much immunity?

A

IgA

52
Q

What can giardia lamblia be killed by?

A

iodine, chlorine and removed by filtration, BOILING IS BEST

53
Q

How is giardia lamblia diagnosed?

A

symptoms and examination of feces for cysts

54
Q

What do we treat giardia lamblia with? other options?

A

metronidazole, some don’t respond and become chronic

[options, quinacrine HCL or furazolidine]

55
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?

A

looking for characteristic jerky motility and pear shape

56
Q

What is the trich. vaginalis incidence in US?

A

50%

57
Q

Can men be trich. vaginalis carriers? what does infection look like in women?

A
  1. yes 2. hyperemic vagina and discharge with dysuria
58
Q

Does trich. vaginalis divide by binary fission? have cysts? trophozoite? lots of protective immunity?

A

Yes, No, Yes, No

59
Q

What is treatment for trich vaginalis?

A

metronidazole for BOTH partners or will ping pong

3 PID (3 decks)

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