protozoa - flagellates - mucosoflagellates Flashcards
giardia host
SA: dogs, cats
LA: ruminants, camelids, horses, pigs (usually asymptomatic)
others: birds, guinea pigs, chinchillas, people
giardia trophs
teardrop shape; 8 flagella; 2 nuclei
giardia cysts
ovoid; multinucleate; 4 nuclei
Giardia ppp
5-16 days
giardia source
-CYSTS in feces from infected animals
-fecal contaminated water and food
giardia transmission
-ingestion of Giardia cysts from:
feces
fecal-contaminated water
fecal-contaminated food
-cysts infective immediately when passed by host
Giardia clinical signs
site: small intestine
-may be asymptomatic (carriers)
-diarrhea: usually small bowel; young are more susceptible; chronic or intermittent
giardia pathology
-ingested cysts excyst in duodenum
-trophs released
-attach to intestinal villi –> damage (malabsorption, inflammation, produce toxins, disrupt intestinal flora)
-some remain free in lumen
-varies
giardia diagnosis
-fecal smear: feces + 2 drops of saline; small; tropes-motile, cysts
-fecal flotation: FRESH sample; zinc sulfate; tropes - fragile; cyst; iodine helps sstian
-giardia antigen test
-PCR available
giardia treatment
oral meds
bathe
good hygiene and sanitation
prevent ingestion of contaminated water
is giardia zoonotic
yes but several species/assemblages
tritrichomonas foetus host
cattle
tritrichomonas foetus morphology
pear-shaped to ovoid
3 anterior flagella
undulating membrane
axostyle
no cyst forms produced
tritrichomonas foetus sourse
infected bull (in seminial fluid)
infected cow (cervical/vaginal fluid)
tritrichomonas foetus transmission
-natural breeding
transmission of trophozoites from infected bull to cow at time of breeding
tritrichomonas foetus clinical signs
-bull: early infection = preputial discharge; small nodules on penile membranes
chronic infection = no signs
-cow: vaginitis, abortion (first 1/2); pyometra/metritis; infertility
tritrichomonas foetus pathology
-bulls: little patho
-cows: vaginitis, invasion of cervix and uterus, placentitis, early abortion, uterine discharge, infertility
tritrichomonas foetus diagnosis
-sample: bull = preputial wash/scraping; cow = vaginal or uterine wash; aborted fetus = amniotic fluid or abomasa contents
-special in pouch test media: direct microscope exam, culture, PCR
-reportable in some states
tritrichomonas foetus treatment
-bulls: chronic carrier; no treatment
-cows: sexual rest x3 months; self-limiting but can be re-infected
tritrichomonas foetus prevention
-testing incoming bulls and cows
-use AI
-test and cull infected bulls
-vaccine to reduce reproductive losses
tritrichomonas foetus zoonotic?
no
tritrichomonas blagburni host
cats
tritrichomonas blagburni clinical signs
large bowl diarrhea
tritrichomonas blagburni source
infected cat; fecal-oral transmission of trophs directly or via contact with feces of infected cat in litter box
tritrichomonas blagburni patho
produces proteases that are cytopathic to colonic epithelial cells
tritrichomonas blagburnis diagnosis
VERY FRESH feces, direct fecal smear, in pouch test – culture, PCR
tritrichomonas blagburni treatment
drug - ronidazole (possible neurologic side effect); supportive: probiotics, high-fiber diet
tritrichomonas blagburni prevention
prevent contact with infected cats
good cleaning and sanitation
tritrichomonas blagburni zoonotic
no
