protozoa - flagellates - mucosoflagellates

Question 1

giardia host

Answer 1

SA: dogs, cats
LA: ruminants, camelids, horses, pigs (usually asymptomatic)
others: birds, guinea pigs, chinchillas, people

Question 2

giardia trophs

Answer 2

teardrop shape; 8 flagella; 2 nuclei

Question 3

giardia cysts

Answer 3

ovoid; multinucleate; 4 nuclei

Question 4

Giardia ppp

Answer 4

5-16 days

Question 5

giardia source

Answer 5

-CYSTS in feces from infected animals
-fecal contaminated water and food

Question 6

giardia transmission

Answer 6

-ingestion of Giardia cysts from:
feces
fecal-contaminated water
fecal-contaminated food
-cysts infective immediately when passed by host

Question 7

Giardia clinical signs

Answer 7

site: small intestine
-may be asymptomatic (carriers)
-diarrhea: usually small bowel; young are more susceptible; chronic or intermittent

Question 8

giardia pathology

Answer 8

-ingested cysts excyst in duodenum
-trophs released
-attach to intestinal villi –> damage (malabsorption, inflammation, produce toxins, disrupt intestinal flora)
-some remain free in lumen
-varies

Question 9

giardia diagnosis

Answer 9

-fecal smear: feces + 2 drops of saline; small; tropes-motile, cysts

-fecal flotation: FRESH sample; zinc sulfate; tropes - fragile; cyst; iodine helps sstian

-giardia antigen test

-PCR available

Question 10

giardia treatment

Answer 10

oral meds
bathe
good hygiene and sanitation
prevent ingestion of contaminated water

Question 11

is giardia zoonotic

Answer 11

yes but several species/assemblages

Question 12

tritrichomonas foetus host

Answer 12

cattle

Question 13

tritrichomonas foetus morphology

Answer 13

pear-shaped to ovoid
3 anterior flagella
undulating membrane
axostyle
no cyst forms produced

Question 14

tritrichomonas foetus sourse

Answer 14

infected bull (in seminial fluid)
infected cow (cervical/vaginal fluid)

Question 15

tritrichomonas foetus transmission

Answer 15

-natural breeding
transmission of trophozoites from infected bull to cow at time of breeding

Question 16

tritrichomonas foetus clinical signs

Answer 16

-bull: early infection = preputial discharge; small nodules on penile membranes
chronic infection = no signs

-cow: vaginitis, abortion (first 1/2); pyometra/metritis; infertility

Question 17

tritrichomonas foetus pathology

Answer 17

-bulls: little patho
-cows: vaginitis, invasion of cervix and uterus, placentitis, early abortion, uterine discharge, infertility

Question 18

tritrichomonas foetus diagnosis

Answer 18

-sample: bull = preputial wash/scraping; cow = vaginal or uterine wash; aborted fetus = amniotic fluid or abomasa contents

-special in pouch test media: direct microscope exam, culture, PCR

-reportable in some states

Question 19

tritrichomonas foetus treatment

Answer 19

-bulls: chronic carrier; no treatment

-cows: sexual rest x3 months; self-limiting but can be re-infected

Question 20

tritrichomonas foetus prevention

Answer 20

-testing incoming bulls and cows
-use AI
-test and cull infected bulls
-vaccine to reduce reproductive losses

Question 21

tritrichomonas foetus zoonotic?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

tritrichomonas blagburni host

Answer 22

cats

Question 23

tritrichomonas blagburni clinical signs

Answer 23

large bowl diarrhea

Question 24

tritrichomonas blagburni source

Answer 24

infected cat; fecal-oral transmission of trophs directly or via contact with feces of infected cat in litter box

Question 25

tritrichomonas blagburni patho

Answer 25

produces proteases that are cytopathic to colonic epithelial cells

Question 26

tritrichomonas blagburnis diagnosis

Answer 26

VERY FRESH feces, direct fecal smear, in pouch test – culture, PCR

Question 27

tritrichomonas blagburni treatment

Answer 27

drug - ronidazole (possible neurologic side effect); supportive: probiotics, high-fiber diet

Question 28

tritrichomonas blagburni prevention

Answer 28

prevent contact with infected cats
good cleaning and sanitation

Question 29

tritrichomonas blagburni zoonotic

Answer 29

no