Protozoa and Helminths Flashcards
Pinworm DOC
Mebendazole
2 helminths treated with mebendazole OR albendazole.
Ascaris lumbricoides or Tricuris trichiura (whipworm)
DOC for hookworm
albendazole
DOC for LARVAL FORMS of tapeworm (**cysticercosis, **echinococcus granulosus/ Dog tapeworm/cystic hydatid disease). How long is tx?
Albendazole for 1-6mo
HA, nausea, blurred vision, neuro COT, epilepsy - think what worm and what tx?
cysticercosis, Albendazole
What drug is a DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocking agent? What receptor does it affect and what does it cause in the worm?
Pyrantel causes persistent nAChR activation and spastic paralysis of the worm.
MOA of albendazole and mebendazole
Bind to parasite beta-tubulin, disrupting microtubule polymerization and microtubule dependent processes (i.e. attachment and glucose transport).
hepatic metabolites (and long term risk of hepatotoxicity) with modest absorption - what anti-helminth drug?
albendazole
Do albendazole and mebendazole have high/low systemic exposure?
Low systemic exposure
Parent form, active metabolite, and inactive metabolite of albendazole
- Parent - albendazole (gut exposure, no systemic exposure)
- Active metabolite - Albendazole sulfoxide systemic exposure
- Albendazole sulfone (inactive metabolite, renal clearance)
The depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent works on what worms?
Pin, round, hook-worms.
NOT on Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
What anti-helminth drug activates GLUTAMATE GATED Cl- channels in the nematode?
Ivermectin - paralyzes body wall and pharyngeal mm in nematodes.
What drug is contraindicated in someone with meningitis or trypanosomiasis? Why?
Invermectin bc it affects GABA Cl- channels if allowed to cross the BBB.
“non-operculated ovum”… think what helminth and what drug?
(fluke) SCHISTOSOMA
DOC praziquantel
MOA of praziquantel
interferes with Ca++ homeostasis in the fluke, causing flaccid paralysis.
