Protozoa Flashcards
Giardia intestinalis
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Beaver fever”
dog, cat, cattle, humans –> “assemblage specific”
A: beavers, guinea pigs, slow loris *ZOONOTIC
B: slow loris, siamangs *ZOONOTIC
E: cattle, hoofed animals
SI (trophozoite)
fecal float with zinc sulfate; overall asymptomatic
Spironucleus (Hexamita)
host?
site?
buzz words?
Fowl (NOT CHICKENS)
LI
dehydration, emaciation, CONVULSIONS FROM HYPOGLYCEMIA
Tritrichomonas foetus (in cattle)
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Cattle STI”
cattle
genital tracts: uterus/vagina, prepuce
bulls are carriers; cull the bull, rest the cow; EARLY TERM ABORTION; self- cure; REPORTABLE
Tritrichomonas foetus (in cats)
host?
site?
buzz words?
cats
distal ileum, colon
fecal-oral route; normal appetite; pure breed/old/young at risk
Trichomonas
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Canker (pigeons)/ Frounce (raptors)”
fowl
oral-nasal cavity, upper GI
modes of infect 1. pigeon milk 2. drinking water 3. raptor feed on prey bird
yellow cankers in mouth; DON’T FEED HEADS/CROPS TO RAPTORS
Histomomas
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Blackhead”
turkeys
cecum and liver
HETERAKIS IS VECTOR (trophozoites of Histo in eggs of Heter); no turkeys on ground of chickens for 2+ yrs
Trypanosoma cruzi
host?
site?
buzz words?
"Chagas disease" "take a tryp to chagas (vegas)" dogs, cats, humans *ZOONOTIC --> ASSASSIN/ KISSING BUG VECTOR bug bites, creating a wound, defecates in wound transmitting T. cruz; blood smear; xenodiagnosis; heart disease in dogs
Leishmania spp
host?
site?
buzz words?
“kala-azar (visceral)/ oriental sore (cutaneous)”
dogs, humans
where macrophages grow: skin, liver, spleen
SAND FLY VECTOR; ulcers, cachexia
Isospora canis
host?
site?
buzz words?
Coccidia
FH: dogs, PH: rodents
SI
coccidiosis in young, coccidiasis in adults; SEVERE DIARRHEA
Isospora suis
host?
site?
buzz words?
Coccidia
pigs
SI
1-2w piglets affected; HIGH morbidity, LOW mortality; yellow/fluid diarrhea
Eimeria of swine
host?
site?
buzz words?
pigs
SI
immunity; avoid overcrowding
diarrhea
Eimeria bovis
host?
site?
buzz words?
cattle LI ovoid, micropyle present coccidiosis: preventable; coccidiasis: inevitable diarrhea
Eimeria zuernii
host?
site?
buzz words?
cattle SI + LI spherical, micropyle absent coccidiosis: preventable; coccidiasis: inevitable diarrhea
Eimeria of sheep/ goats
host?
site?
buzz words?
same as cattle
SI + LI
diarrhea
Eimeria leukarti
host?
site?
buzz words?
equine
SI
intermittent diarrhea in foals; difficult to float oocysts
Eimeria tenella
host?
site?
buzz words?
chickens
cecum
most path of avian Eimeria; HIGH morbid, HIGH mortal in young birds
bloody diarrhea; birds huddle; ruffled feathers
Eimeria necatrix
host?
site?
buzz words?
chickens
SI
bloody poo; dehydration
Eimeria brunetti
host?
site?
buzz words?
chickens
ileum, cecum, rectum
Toxoplasma gondii
host?
site?
buzz words?
FH: cats, IH: humans, warm blooded animals (rodents, birds) *ZOONOTIC
cat infection: eating infected IH
human infection: foodborne (meat/vegs), water, blood/organ, transplacental
intestinal and extraintestinal tissues
CATS IMMUNE after 1st infection, shed once in lifetime
abortion in sheep/goats
Sarcocystis spp
host?
site?
buzz words?
FH: cats, dogs, humans IH: cattle, herbivores
“predator - prey cycle”
IH: in muscle, FH: in GI
LATE TERM ABORTION IN COWS
Sarcocystis neurona
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)”
FH: opossum, IH: cats, AH: horses
in horses, schizonts develop in CNS
seizures, lameness, paresis; western blot on CSF; opossum control
Neospora spp.
host?
site?
buzz words?
FH: dogs, IH: dogs, ruminants, horses
transplacental in dogs, cattle
FH: GI, IH: CNS
MIDTERM ABORTION IN COWS; encephalitis most common
Cryptosporidium
host?
site?
buzz words?
"Crypto" cattle, humans GI, respiratory tract autoinfection: ingestion, inhalation acid fast stains: Ziehl-Neelsen = red; NO Tx KNOWN
Hepatozoon spp.
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Dog-eat-tick”
DH: Amblyomma maculatum, IH: dog (H.americanum) cat
gamonts in blood, other tissues/muscle
Babesia canis
host?
site?
buzz words?
"unhappy RBC's" dogs Trophozoites or merozoites in RBCs Rhipicephalus sanguineus is vector (bite) RBC destruction, anorexia, anemia
Babesia bigemina
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Texas cattle fever”
cattle
Trophozoites or merozoites in RBCs
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) is vector (bite)
RBC destruction, anorexia, anemia; INVERSE AGE SUSCEPTIBILITY
Theileria (Cytauxzoon) felis
host?
site?
buzz words?
cats
Amblyomma americanum tick is vector
found in blood
intracellular –> enlargement of RBCs –> vessel OCCLUSION/BLOCKAGE –> organ failure
Leucocytozoon spp
host?
site?
buzz words?
domestic and wild water fowl
blackflies and no-see-ums are vectors
Brain, heart, lung, kidney, gizzard, intestine, lymphoid tissue, blood cells… WHITE BLOOD CELLS
fatal to young ducks and geese, adults are carriers
Balantidium spp.
host?
site?
buzz words?
“Babe parasite”
pigs
LI
kidney-bean shaped trophozoite nucleus; asexual
