PROTOZOA Flashcards
Protozoa
* unicellular
* protoplasm (function)
* cytoplasm
*endoplasm
T
protozoa: waste of excretion
Cytopyge
Troph - cysts -> large intestine
Encystation
Cyst - troph -> small intestines
Excystation
amoeba
VF responsible for adhesion
GalNac lectin
VF: histolytic cytolytic enzyme
Cysteine proteinase
Stain for DFS
- Troph
- Cyst
- Quensel’s iodine
- Lugul’s, di antonis
Best culture medium for amoeba
Locke’s egg serum
Drug of choice for cysts - amoeba
1. Best
2. Asymptomatic cyst
- Metronidazole
- Diloxanide fluroate
Brain eating amoeba
Naegleria fowleri
Parasite of pigs and monkey
E. polecki
Kissing amoeba - pyorrheal pockets between teeth and gum, tonsillar crypts. Also ingest leukocytes (bacteria, rbc)
E. gingivalis
Causative agent of (Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
N. fowleri
Sappinia diploidea (not primary)
A wrinkled cyst caustative for Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)
*Contact lenses
Acanthamoeba polyphagia
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Only pathogenic ciliates due to hyaluronidase
B. coli
RH - pigs
Thwon/rolling ball
Parasite related to
* Gay bowel syndrome
* Steatorrhea (greasy, float)
* Leningrad’s curse (traveller’s diarrhea - malabsorption)
* Rotten eggs
G. lamblia
Furazolidine for below 5yrs. old
- Shepherd’s crook
- Nipple/lemon shaped
C. mesnili
- Rosette shaped
- Binucleated troph
- Coninfection - ascaris, enterobius
- Severe colicky abdominal pain
- Irritable bowel sydrome (IBS)
Dientamoeba fragilis
- Binary fission
- Ping pong dse
- Strawberry cervix
- Vulvar itchiness
T. vaginalis
Stain:
* geimsa
* papaniculau
* acridine orange
* romanowsky
Culture:
* Diamond mod.
* Feinberg, whittington
Small race e. histolytica
E. hartmanni
Hemoflagellates
1.Ovoidal w/out free flagellum
2.W/ free flagellum
3.Continuous flagellum (anterior)
4.Continuous flagellum (posterior)
- Amastigote//Leishmania
- Promastigote/Leptomonas
- Epimastigote
- Tripomastigote
Vector
1. T. brucei
2. T. cruzi
- Tsetste/glossina
- Reduviid/kissing/killer/assassin/
tricitomine/triatomid bug
Difference in DS
1. T brucei
2. T. cruzi
- Trypomastigote
- Amastigote
WASS - swollen at nape
T. brucei gambiense
EASS - swollen at under jaw
T. brucei rhodesiense
Diagnosis for t. brucei
Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (Catt)
Bug examination - feed on px blood
Xenodiagnois
Culture: Weinmann’s medium
Treatment for:
1. T. brucei gambiense
2. T. cruzi
- Efflor
- Benzinidazole
Baghad boils, bay sore, uta, pain bois, old world cl
L. major
Dehli boul, uta, pain bois, oriental sore, old world cl
L. tropica
Vector for leishmania
Sandfly (phlebotomus, lutzomania)
Only mucocutaneous leishmania (espundia - nw)
L. brazilliensis
DS for leishmania
Amastigote w/in macrophage
Asstd w/
* Visceral leishmaniasis
* Kala azar
* Dumdum fvr
L. donovani
Leishmania:
* Culture
* Screening test
- Novy-nicole-mcneal medium (NNM)
- Formol gel test
Treatment
* Pentamidine
* oral miltefosine
* liposomal amphotericin b
Parasite
* Encephalitis -most common manifestation
* DH - cat
* IH - human
T. gondii
Diagnosis for t. gondii
Sabin -feldman
Other Diag:
* DM
* Methylyne blue dye test
Treatment for t. gondii - immunocompromised px
Sulfamethoxazole
Incidental host - Human due to ingested sporulated oocyst
Asymptomatic infection
Isospora belli
