Prototheria to Rodentia

Question 1

Subclass: Prototheria

Answer 1

Has one order Monotremata

Question 2

Order: Monotremata

Answer 2

• platypus, echidnas
• egg laying mammals
• no teeth in adults
• no auditory bullae
• pectoral girdle w/ precoracoids, coracoids, and interclavicles

Question 3

Subclass: Theria

Answer 3

-Has 2 infraclasses (Metatheria and Eutheria)

Question 4

Infraclass: Metatheria

Answer 4

• marsupials
• angular process of lower jaw inflected
• epipubic bones

Question 5

Order: Didelphimorphia

Answer 5

• new world opposums
• polyprotodont
• pentadactylous

Question 6

Order: Dasyuromorphia

Answer 6

• numbats, marsupial mice, tasmanian devils
• polyprotodont
• didactylous

Question 7

Order: Diprotodontia

Answer 7

• wombats, kangaroos, koalas, australian possums
• diprotodont
• syndactylous

Question 8

Infraclass: Eutheria

Answer 8

-placental mammals

Question 9

Order: Macroscelidea

Answer 9

• elephant shrews
• East Africa
• feed on insects and plants

Question 10

Order: Afrosoricida

Answer 10

-giant otter shrew, tenrecs, grant’s golden mole

Question 11

Order: Tubulidentata

Answer 11

• aardvark is the only species

- teeth are homodont

Question 12

Superorder: Paenungulata

Answer 12

• has 3 orders (Proboscidea, Sirenia, Hyracoidea)
• lack clavicle
• digits w/ short nails (front feet=4 toes)
• hind-gut fermenters
• horizontal teeth replacement

Question 13

Order: Proboscidea

Answer 13

• elephants (3 species)
• lophodonts
• 6 teeth throughout entire life

Question 14

Order: Hyracoidea

Answer 14

• hyraxes (11 species)
• closely related to elephants
• lophodonts

Question 15

Order: Sirenia

Answer 15

-manatees, dugongs

Question 16

Order: Pilosa

Answer 16

• sloth and anteater

- reduced or no cheek teeth

Question 17

Order: Cingulata

Answer 17

• armadillos
• cheek teeth homodont
• extra zygopophyses on posterior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Question 18

Order: Scandentia

Answer 18

• treeshrews
• closely related to ancestors of primates
• diurnal and arboreal

Question 19

Order: Dermoptera

Answer 19

• colugos
• not true lemurs
• nocturnal

Question 20

Order: Primates

Answer 20

-has 2 suborders (Strepsirhini and Haplorhini)

Question 21

Suborder: Strepsirhini

Answer 21

• lemurs, lories, bushbabies
• have wet noses
• upper lip divided
• foramen magnum directed posteriorly

Question 22

Suborder: Haplorhini

Answer 22

• tarsiers, new world monkeys, old world monkeys
• upper lip undivided
• have dry noses

Question 23

Order: Rodentia

Answer 23

• makes up 40% of all mammals

- has 8 families

Question 24

Family: Castoridae

Answer 24

-beavers

Question 25

Family: Sciuridae

Answer 25

• squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, chipmunks

- prominent postorbital processes

Question 26

Family: Geomyidae

Answer 26

• pocket gophers
• incisors may have large grooves
• 8 shaped premolars

Question 27

Family: Heteromyidae

Answer 27

• pocket mice, kangaroo rats
• heart shaped skulls
• infraorbital foramen pierces nasal septum

Question 28

Family:Dipodidae

Answer 28

• jumping mice, jerboas, birch mice
• 4 upper cheek teeth
• grooved upper incisors
• oval shaped infraorbital foramen

Question 29

Family: Cricetidae

Answer 29

• mice, voles, woodrats, muckrats, etc
• 3 upper cheek teeth
• keyhole shaped infraorbital foramen
• has 2 subfamilies (Neotominae and Arvicolinae)

Question 30

Subfamily: Neotominae

Answer 30

• new world rats and mice (deer mice, grasshopper mice, harvest mice, woodrats, cotton rats)
• curved brain case
• 2 rows of cusps on teeth

Question 31

Subfamily: Arvicolinae

Answer 31

• voles, lemmings, muskrat
• square brain case
• prismatic teeth

Question 32

Family: Muridae

Answer 32

-has one subfamily (Murinae)

Question 33

Subfamily: Murinae

Answer 33

• old world rats and mice
• curved brain case
• 3 rows of cusps on teeth

Question 34

Family: Erethizontidae

Answer 34

• new world porcupines

- range from arctic to argentina