Protoctista Flashcards
What is symbiogenesis?
Definition: developing within another
What defines the Kingdom of Protoctista?
- Defined by exclusion
- Not animals, plants, fungi or monera
- Eukaryotic
- Include algae and single celled heterotrophs
Are protoctista eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
List all parts inside a protoctista
- Organelles
- Double membrane-bound nucleus
- Cytomembrane system
- Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth)
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Cytoskeletal system
What type of membrane surrounds a protoctista nucleus?
-Double membrane
What does an autotroph do?
They contain chloroplasts and make their own food
How do heterotrophs feed?
By ingesting food from the surrounding water
List 5 protoctista ( protozoa) characteristics.
- Unicellular or colonial
- Mainly microscopic
- Come in all symmetries
- No organs or tissues
- Have organelles
Name three methods by which protostista can get around depending on the species
- Pseudopodia (false foot)
- Cilia
- Flagella
Describe the phylum Rhizopoda/Amoebozoa
- Irregular shape
- Plasmas membrane not organised into a pellicle
- Cell with endoplasm- granular central mass and a clear outer layer called ectoplasm
How do Amoebozoa move?
- Cytoplasmic streaming into its pseudopodia
- Body constantly changes shape
How do Amoebozoa primarily reproduce?
Asexually
-Via binary fission
How do Amoebozoa feed?
- They engulf their prey with their body
- Ingesting organisms, fragments or debris by cytoplasmic streaming around them
- Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
What is this?
An Amoeba
What is this?
It’s a Paramecium, phylum Ciliophora
What is happening in this slide?
Phagocytosis
What are testate amoebae?
Amoebae where most of the cell is surrounded by a test
In testate amoebae what is the test made out of?
-Chitin
-Pseudochitin
Secondary materials like sand grains and diatom fragments stick to the test
Paramecium have trichocysts. What are these?
Tiny pointed filaments that are fired at predators when threatened
What is the function of the pellicle?
- Anti-predation
- Release poison/ enzymes into prey
- Release mucous to form a cyst wall
