Protocols and their purposes

Question 1

FTP

Answer 1

File Transfer Protocol

allows users to upload, download, and manage files on a remote server

Port TCP/21 - control channel — handles management of session

Port TCP/20- used for actual transfer of files

Question 2

SSH

Answer 2

Secure Shell
TCP/22

protocol that provides a secure way to access remote systems, execute commands, and transfer files.

Question 3

Telnet

Answer 3

TCP/23
network protocol used for remote communication over a network. It allows users to access and manage remote systems by opening a command-line interface on a remote server.

Question 4

SMTP

Answer 4

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

TCP/25

used for sending and routing emails over a network. It handles the communication between email servers and clients to ensure that emails are delivered to their intended recipients.

Question 5

DNS

Answer 5

Domain Name System

UDP/53
Translates domain names into IP addresses

Question 6

DHCP

Answer 6

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

UDP/67- receive requests from DHCP clients
UDP/68 - used by DHCP client to receive responses from DHCP server

Assigns IP addresses and other network configuration details to devices on a network

Question 7

HTTP

Answer 7

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

TCP/80

a protocol used for transmitting data over the web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various commands

Question 8

HTTPS

Answer 8

HTTP Secure
TCP/443

Secure HTTP

Question 9

POP3

Answer 9

Post Office Protocol 3
TCP/110

A protocol used by email clients to retrieve emails from a server. Widely used for accessing email in a way that allows users to manage their messages offline

Question 10

IMAP4

Answer 10

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4
TCP/143

Protocol used by email clients to access and manage email messages stored on a mail server. Unlike POP3 which downloads emails to a local device and deletes them from server. IMAP4 allows more advanced and flexible management of email.

Question 11

NetBIOS

Answer 11

Network Basic Input/Output System

UDP/137

a network protocol that provides name resolution. NetBIOS uses a system of 16-character names to identify computers and services on a network

Question 12

NetBIOS over TCP/IP

Answer 12

TCP/139

Provides connection-oriented communication, allowing sessions to be established between networked applications

Question 13

SNMP

Answer 13

Simple Network Management Protocol

Protocol used for network management and monitoring. Allows management of network devices like routers, switches, and servers

UDP/161- for SNMP operations, including sending and receiving requests and responses

UDP/162- for SNMP traps, which are unsolicited messages sent by devices to the management system to report events or status changes

Question 14

LDAP

Answer 14

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

TCP/UDP- 389

protocol used for accessing and managing directory services over a network.

Question 15

SMB/CIFS

Answer 15

Server Message Block/Common Internet File System

TCP/445

network file sharing protocol that allows applications to read and write to files and request services from server programs

Question 16

RDP

Answer 16

Remote Desktop Protocol

TCP/3389

a protocol developed by Microsoft that allows users to connect to and control a remote computer or server over a network.