Protocols and Procedures

Question 1

What is the equation to calculate IV rate?

Answer 1

gtts per minute = (Volume to be infused X set rate) / time in minutes

Question 2

What are the steps in IV maintenance?

Answer 2

1. Ensure the appropriate solution is running.
2. Calculate and maintain the appropriate flow rate.
3. Monitor flow rate and amount of solution.
4. Reassess patient condition and IV on a regular basis. (5-15min)

Question 3

What should be inspected when reassessing IV`s?

Answer 3

1. Reassess ABC’s and injury sites
2. Reassess vital signs
3. Inspect IV site, tubing and solution bag
4. Observe for complications, and take appropriate measures as necessary
5. Maintain appropriate flow rate
6. Change solution bag as required.

Question 4

What 4 IV solutions are EMR’s allowed to maintain?

Answer 4

1. Normal Saline
2. RIngers Lactate
3. 2/3-1/3
4. D5W

Question 5

What are contradictions to performing CPR?

Answer 5

1. Verifiable DNR or No CPR orders

Question 6

What would indicate signs of life?

Answer 6

1. Coughing
2. Breathing
3. Patient movement

Question 7

How far away should the AED pad be placed from any implanted pacemaker or cardioverter/defribillator ?

Answer 7

2.5cm (1 inch)

Question 8

How often should the Pt be analyzed with the AED during CPR?

Answer 8

Every 2 minutes

Question 9

When should you cease providing CPR?

Answer 9

1. When the Pt is transferred over to more advanced care providers
2. When there are signs of life
3. When there are 3 consecutive No Shock Advised messages (when there are 3 NSA messages, contact a physician for further orders.)

Question 10

In a situation of 3 consecutive No Shock Advised messages, and a physician is unavailable, what should be done?

Answer 10

Load and transport, continuing CPR, and stopping to analyze every 4-5 minutes.

Question 11

What should be done if a shock is advised during transport?

Answer 11

Stay and continue CPR/AED until a No Shock is received, and then continue transport.

Question 12

Should AED be performed on a patient under one year of age?

Answer 12

No, CPR only.

Question 13

When would CPR be performed on a child/infant with a pulse?

Answer 13

If the pulse is below 60, with inadequate perfusion.

Question 14

What signs would indicate inadequate perfusion?

Answer 14

May include any or all of the following:

1. Pale skin color or severe mottling
2. Cyanosis
3. Decreased or failing LOC
4. Extremely unwell or toxic appearance.
5. History suggestive of respiratory illness or sepsis.

Question 15

What are the 1 and 2 rescuer ratios for CPR with an infant or child?

Answer 15

1 person: 30:2

2 person: 15:2

Question 16

In the case of an un-witnessed cardiac arrest in a child, when should be AED be placed?

Answer 16

After 2 minutes of CPR.

Question 17

When should pulse be checked while performing CPR?

Answer 17

Only if there is a sign of life.

Question 18

With and infant/child, CPR/AED should be continued until:

Answer 18

1. When the Pt is transferred over to more advanced care providers
2. When there are signs of life
3. When there are 2 consecutive No Shock Advised messages (when there are 3 NSA messages, contact a physician for further orders.)
4. In infant only, the Pt has not responded to 2-4 minutes of effective CPR.

Question 19

How often should partners change when performing 2 person CPR?

Answer 19

Every 2 minutes

Question 20

What is the optimal CPR rate?

Answer 20

100 BPM

Question 21

How deep should adult chest compressions be?

Answer 21

3.75-5CM (1.5-2IN)

Question 22

What piece of equipment is necessary to maintain airway on an infant when performing CPR?

Answer 22

A pad under shoulders

Question 23

What are causes of asphyxial arrest?

Answer 23

OD, Hanging, Airway obstruction, Smoke inhalation, Drowning

Question 24

What are some reasons why early communication with a doctor could help someone in cardiac arrest?

Answer 24

• Hypothermia
• Cardiac Tamponade
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Tension Pneumothorax
• Severe blood loss
• OD
• Airway obstruction