Protocols and Port Numbers

Question 1

Http/Https

Answer 1

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Layer 7 (Layer 4 component ports) Http - default port 80 / Https default port 443

Question 2

FTP sFTP

Answer 2

File Transfer Protocol / Secure File Transfer Protocol – Transfer files from 1 device to another (Layer 7). sFTP encrypts – FTP default port 20/21 sFTP default port 22

Question 3

TFTP

Answer 3

Trivial File Transfer Protocol – Sends tiny files between 2 devices or simple setups to quickly transfer a file without authentication or firewall issues (Layer 7) TFTP default port 69

Question 4

SMB

Answer 4

Server Message Block – Network file share (allows users to access shared drives) SMB default port 445

Question 5

POP3/IMAP

Answer 5

Post Office Protocol (default port 110/995) Internet Message Access Protocol (default port 143/993) Allows client to retrieve email from a server (Layer 7). Incoming mail.

Question 6

SMTP

Answer 6

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (default port 25/465) – Message created on a client email application is sent to SMTP server; server determines how to get message to recipient. Outgoing mail (Layer 7)

Question 7

LDAP/LDAPs

Answer 7

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (default port 389/636)(Layer 7) Works in conjunction with Microsoft active directory. Best practice use LDAPs

Question 8

DHCP

Answer 8

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(Layer 7) Provides IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, DNS server and other information. Allows a PC to automatically configure itself to access the internet. Home DHCP server will be a router. Very important with mobile devices (because they are constantly changing networks).

Question 9

DNS

Answer 9

Domain Name System(Layer 7) DNS acts as a sort of “phone book” that translates the domain you enter in your browser into a computer readable IP address.

Question 10

NTP

Answer 10

Network Time Protocol (Layer 7) NTP server is used to make sure all clients are on the same time. Utilizes Coordinated Universal Time UTC

Question 11

Telnet

Answer 11

Provides two-way interactive communication compatibility for computers on the internet and local area networks. Considered insecure because everything is sent in clear text. (Layer 7 Default port 23)

Question 12

SSH

Answer 12

Provides secure remote login from one computer to another. Can be used to configure network devices and other hardware. Similar to RDP but for network devices.(Layer 7 Default port 22 )

Question 13

Putty

Answer 13

Free open source SSH client. Also acts as a client for telnet and other protocols.

Question 14

SMNP

Answer 14

Simple Network Management Protocol. A standard way of monitoring hardware and software from nearly any manufacturer. (Layer 7)

Question 15

RDP

Answer 15

Remote Desktop Protocol – A proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection (Default port 3389)(Layer 7).

Question 16

H.323

Answer 16

Audio visual communication; often video conferencing. (Default port 1720)(Layer 7).

Question 17

SIP

Answer 17

Session Initiation Protocol – Protocol used in VoIP communications allowing users to make voice and video calls (Default port 5060/5061)(Layer 7).